Question 1

The plasma membrane of archaea is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

If the hypothesis that protocells were based on an "RNA world" is correct,which would NOT be necessary to shift to a "DNA world"?

Accepted Answer

A)  an enzyme or reaction capable of converting ribose to deoxyribose in nucleotides
B)  enzymes for reverse transcription of RNA into DNA
C)  new enzymes to replicate the DNA
D)  new enzymes for transcribing DNA back to RNA
E)  the presence of oxygenF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 3

To be an effective antibiotic or chemotherapeutic agent,it is necessary

Accepted Answer

A)  not to kill the human host or cause allergic reactions.
B)  to be able to kill a bacterial cell only.
C)  not to kill the human host or cause allergic reactions AND to be able to kill a bacterial cell only.
D)  to change the genome of the bacterial disease agent.
E)  to stop any universal living cell process.F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 4

Which of the following is a benefit of microbes?

Accepted Answer

A)  break down organic molecules
B)  Various microbes help protect us from harmful microbes.
C)  aid in digestion
D)  synthesize vitamins K and B12
E)  All of the answer choices are benefits of microbes.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 5

Microbiology is the study of microbes.These include all but which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  archae
B)  protists
C)  viroids
D)  plants
E)  fungiF) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 6

Which statement is NOT true about cyanobacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  They were formerly called blue-green algae.
B)  Some release sulfur during photosynthesis.
C)  They can combine with fungi to form lichens.
D)  They are eukaryotic like fungi.
E)  They can colonize rocks.F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 7

A new classification by domains separates prokaryotes into

Accepted Answer

A)  Archaea and Cyanobacteria.
B)  Bacteria and Cyanobacteria.
C)  photosynthetic bacteria and chemosynthetic bacteria.
D)  Archaea and Bacteria.
E)  autotrophs and heterotrophs.F) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 8

The capsid of a virus is composed of

Accepted Answer

A)  RNA.
B)  protein.
C)  DNA.
D)  cellulose.
E)  lipid.F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 9

The hypothesis that suggests that RNA and polypeptides might have evolved simultaneously was proposed by

Accepted Answer

A)  Stanley Miller.
B)  Alexander Cairns-Smith.
C)  Charles Darwin.
D)  Gunter Wachtershauser
E)  Sidney Fox.F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 10

Some human diseases appear to be due to protein agents that may convert other normal proteins in the cell to also become these agents.This new disease protein agent is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  archeon.
B)  prion.
C)  cyanobacterium.
D)  phage.
E)  retrovirus.F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

Question 11

The three shapes of bacteria are

Accepted Answer

A)  haplontic,diplontic,and alternations.
B)  anaerobic,aerobic,and facultative.
C)  heterotrophic,autotrophic,and chemosynthetic.
D)  bacillus,coccus,and spirillum.
E)  helical,spiral,and streptococci.F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

Some,but not all,viruses contain ______,located on their outer surface.

Accepted Answer

A)  a membranous envelope composed of the host's plasma membrane
B)  both DNA and RNA from the host
C)  either DNA or RNA
D)  a protein capsid
E)  a protein spore coatF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 13

One bacterial cell passes DNA to a second cell through a sex pilus in the process of

Accepted Answer

A)  transformation.
B)  transduction.
C)  conjugation.
D)  infection.
E)  replication.F) B) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 14

Which statement is true about bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)  They contain a nucleus.
B)  They lack ribosomes.
C)  They usually lack a cell wall.
D)  They divide sexually.
E)  They contain a single,circular DNA molecule as the genetic material.F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 15

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) ,or "mad cow disease," is caused by a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  archeon.
B)  bacterium.
C)  cyanobacterium.
D)  prion.
E)  virus.F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 16

Louis Pasteur conducted an experiment to answer the question of whether or not living things can arise spontaneously from nonliving materials.In this experiment he used two flasks of sterile broth.How could this demonstrate the invalidity of spontaneous generation?

Accepted Answer

A)  In the flask in which no outside materials could enter,no growth occurred while growth did occur in the flask that allowed outside air to enter,demonstrating that the living things came from outside the sterile broth.
B)  No growth occurred in either flask,demonstrating that sterile broth could not promote growth.
C)  Both flasks showed growth,demonstrating that spontaneous generation does occur.
D)  While both flasks showed growth,the flask that did not allow air to enter showed a higher growth,demonstrating that while spontaneous generation does not occur that it does not take air to permit growth.
E)  No growth occurred in either flask,demonstrating that sterilizing the broth removed its nutrients so growth could not occur regardless of whether or not life was present.F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 17

In addition to his work with bacteria,Louis Pasteur was also the one to name viruses.His work with rabies produced what breakthrough?

Accepted Answer

A)  He was the first to discover that viruses could be based on RNA rather than DNA.
B)  He developed a vaccine that he used on a young rabies patient.
C)  He was the first to see a virus under a microscope.
D)  He was the first to determine the life cycle of a virus.
E)  He invented the microscope.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 18

Which organisms form lichens?

Accepted Answer

A)  archaea and algae
B)  archaea and fungi
C)  cyanobacteria and algae
D)  cyanobacteria and fungi
E)  cyanobacteria and archaeaF) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 19

A complex protein-rich cell shelters and supports the DNA genetic code,and the code is the blueprint for the cell proteins; thus is set the "chicken-or-the-egg" dilemma of which came first.This is probably solved by the discovery that

Accepted Answer

A)  polypeptides and RNA could have evolved simultaneously.
B)  reverse transcriptase can convert RNA back into DNA.
C)  all DNA and protein can be distributed evenly inside and outside the nucleus.
D)  some proteins are simply assemblages of guanine,cytosine,thymine,and adenine.
E)  viruses can give rise to all of the cell molecules.F) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 20

Which statement is NOT true about the RNA-first hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is supported by the discovery that RNA can act as a catalyst.
B)  It is supported by the fact that RNA can act as a substrate and as an enzyme.
C)  It suggests that there was an "RNA world" about 4 billion years ago.
D)  It says that first RNA,then DNA,then proteins would have been necessary to interact in the chemical evolution that would have led to the development of the first cells.
E)  It suggests that only RNA was needed to progress to the formation of the first cells.F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Exam 28: Viruses, bacteria, and Archaea

One bacterial cell passes DNA to a second cell through a sex pilus in the process of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The plasma membrane of archaea is composed of a phospholipid bilayer.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A new classification by domains separates prokaryotes into

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Microbiology is the study of microbes.These include all but which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A complex protein-rich cell shelters and supports the DNA genetic code,and the code is the blueprint for the cell proteins; thus is set the "chicken-or-the-egg" dilemma of which came first.This is probably solved by the discovery that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The capsid of a virus is composed of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is NOT true about cyanobacteria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The three shapes of bacteria are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some,but not all,viruses contain ______,located on their outer surface.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Louis Pasteur conducted an experiment to answer the question of whether or not living things can arise spontaneously from nonliving materials.In this experiment he used two flasks of sterile broth.How could this demonstrate the invalidity of spontaneous generation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is true about bacteria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which organisms form lichens?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is NOT true about the RNA-first hypothesis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To be an effective antibiotic or chemotherapeutic agent,it is necessary

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The hypothesis that suggests that RNA and polypeptides might have evolved simultaneously was proposed by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some human diseases appear to be due to protein agents that may convert other normal proteins in the cell to also become these agents.This new disease protein agent is called a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) ,or "mad cow disease," is caused by a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the hypothesis that protocells were based on an "RNA world" is correct,which would NOT be necessary to shift to a "DNA world"?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In addition to his work with bacteria,Louis Pasteur was also the one to name viruses.His work with rabies produced what breakthrough?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a benefit of microbes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified