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Exam 2: The Chemical Basis of Life

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Question 21

Multiple Choice

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In plants, the process of photosynthesis produces glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water. Which of the following options about photosynthesis is consistent with this statement?

A) All of the carbon atoms in glucose came from carbon dioxide.
B) More atoms are present at the beginning than at the end.
C) More carbon dioxide is released from the plant than is absorbed.
D) Water is synthesized by the plant from H₂ and O₂.

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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Question 22

Multiple Choice

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The four most common elements in living organisms are

A) C, H, O, Fe.
B) C, H, O, Na.
C) C, H, O, N.
D) C, N, O, Na.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Question 23

Multiple Choice

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A(n) ________ forms when two atoms share electrons.

You want to design an experiment to compare the effectiveness of Pepcid AC tablets and Alka-Seltzer tablets. Which of the following facts would be least likely to complicate your experiment and the analysis of your results?

A solution with a pH of 7 is

Medicines are often administered in pill form. In many cases, the active ingredient of the pill (the drug) is joined to another substance by ________. This forms a(n) ________, which is stable in the dry environment of a pill bottle but dissociates under the wet conditions of the digestive system to release the drug to the body.

A nutrition facts label from a fortified cereal states that in a single serving of cereal there is 8% of the percent daily value of the element phosphorous. The label also says that a single serving of cereal plus one-half cup of skim milk has 20% of the percent daily value of phosphorus. Which of the following statements is false?

Which of the following trace elements needed by humans is commonly added to table salt?

Silicon is an element that is found directly underneath carbon in the periodic table and thus has similar properties to carbon, including electron orbitals. How many electrons are in the valence shell of a silicon atom?

Typically, nitrogen atoms are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. An isotope of nitrogen could

Thin-layer chromatography is a method that can be used to separate molecules by their polarity. A mixture of molecules in a nonpolar liquid (the mobile phase) is added to the bottom of a piece of adsorbent material (the stationary phase) and allowed to migrate up the material. More-polar molecules interact more strongly with the stationary phase and thus migrate less. Less-polar molecules interact less strongly with the stationary phase and thus migrate more. Below are sample data for four different molecules from a thin-layer chromatography experiment. [Art: custom PowerPoint figure created by the author] -What can you conclude from these data?

Below is a figure from an experiment that was performed to measure the effect of carbonate ion (CO₃^2-) concentration on the calcification (growth) rate of coral reefs. At which point on the graph is the ocean pH the lowest?

As ice melts

A hydrogen atom has one electron. How many covalent bonds can hydrogen form?

Which of the following best describes the atomic number of an atom?

Which of the following statements about water is false?

Uranium is a metallic element that is used in nuclear reactors and nuclear weapons. The vast majority of uranium found on Earth is in the form of uranium-238, an isotope with a mass number of 238, while the uranium that is used for nuclear reactors and weapons is uranium-235, an isotope with a mass number of 235. -What is the atomic difference between uranium-235 and uranium-238?

Which of the following is dependent on the ability of water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules besides water?

In ocean acidification, dissolving CO₂ gas ________ the pH of the ocean.

Which of the following statements about pH is true?