Question 1

Roger wants to study whether the level of personal income predicts happiness.He operationally defines income as "the gross amount of money a person earns in a calendar year." He operationally defines happiness as "the ability of that person to stand on one leg for longer than 3 minutes." What is glaringly wrong with Roger's study?

Accepted Answer

A)  It lacks validity;income can be measured,but happiness cannot.
B)  It lacks reliability;the operational definitions of the properties under study produce inconsistent measurements.
C)  It lacks validity;the operational definition of happiness is unrelated to the underlying property of happiness.
D)  It lacks reliability;it is difficult to precisely measure both income and happiness.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

A social psychologist is constantly evaluating his program of research to make sure that the benefits of the research in terms of knowledge about human behavior outweigh the risks associated with mild deception.The psychologist is evaluating whether or not his research is:

Accepted Answer

A)  externally valid.
B)  beneficient.
C)  just.
D)  respecting persons.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

What are the two key features to an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  manipulation and random assignment
B)  manipulation and correlation
C)  random assignment and correlation
D)  manipulation and predictabilityE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

If researchers measure how some American children behave after playing a violent video game for 2 hours and then replicate the experiment with Asian,European,and African children and then with teenagers,the researchers would be using which justification of nonrandom sampling?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sometimes generality does not matter.
B)  Sometimes generality is the cause of the effect.
C)  Sometimes generality can be determined.
D)  Sometimes generality can be assumed.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Cruella would not describe herself as the type of person who cares about animal rights,but she says that she does when filling out a survey for a psychologist.This illustrates that people can be highly _____ when studied.

Accepted Answer

A)  dogmatic
B)  variable
C)  complex
D)  reactiveE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 6

In an experiment,researchers exposed half the children to 2 hours of violence on television every day for a month and made sure the other half saw no violence on television at all.At the end of the month,they measured the level of aggressiveness in the children.What were the children who were exposed to violent television?

Accepted Answer

A)  the dependent variable
B)  the independent variable
C)  the control group
D)  the experimental groupE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 7

What is the BEST way to make it less likely that people will be influenced by demand characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A)  pay them for their participation
B)  randomly select them from the population
C)  require that they sign their name to each survey that they complete
D)  keep them from knowing the true purpose of the observationE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

In the number sequence 1 1 2 3 4 5,which number is the mode?

Accepted Answer

A)  4
B)  3
C)  1
D)  2E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 9

In an experiment,researchers exposed half of the participants to loud noise during a memory-encoding task.The room was quiet for the other half of the participants.Later,all participants were given a memory test and the number of correct items recalled was obtained for each participant.The participants who encoded information in the noisy room constitute the:

Accepted Answer

A)  independent variable.
B)  dependent variable.
C)  experimental group.
D)  control group.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Which number represents the WEAKEST correlation coefficient (r) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  -.5
B)  .4
C)  -.1
D)  -2.0E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 11

The chair of the psychology department wants to determine the average GPA of all psychology majors at the college.She compiles a list of the GPAs of all the psychology majors and calculates the average.The chairperson is working with data from a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)  experiment.
B)  population.
C)  sample.
D)  case study.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

To correctly measure a specific property of an object,the property must be _____ and _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  defined;detected
B)  identified;researched
C)  real;measurable
D)  visible;specificE) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 13

In an experiment,researchers exposed half of the participants to loud noise during a memory-encoding task.The room was quiet for the other half of the participants.Later,all participants were given a memory test and the number of correct items recalled was obtained for each participant.What is the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of items recalled
B)  the noise level during the encoding task
C)  the time interval between encoding and recall.
D)  the probability of being assigned to the two groupsE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

The statistic that describes the average distance between the measurements in a frequency distribution and the mean of that distribution is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  average distance of the individual scores from the mean of the distribution.
B)  total distance of the individual scores from the mean of the distribution.
C)  range of the distribution divided by the number of observations.
D)  range of the distribution divided by the mean of the distribution.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 15

Sofia's research yielded results that are consistent with a hypothesis derived from a cognitive account of classical conditioning.Which conclusion is CORRECT regarding the theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  The theory is proven.
B)  The theory may be disproven by subsequent research.
C)  The theory is unfalsified.
D)  The theory is statistically significant.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 16

In a classic experiment,psychology students were assigned to work either with "bright" rats or with "dull" rats,described as such by the experimenter.In a task involving learning a maze,rats arbitrarily labeled as "bright" learned the maze faster than did rats arbitrarily labeled as "dull." The experimenter suspected that the psychology students with "bright" rats took the learning task more seriously,and this was reflected in their rats' performance.This finding illustrates how:

Accepted Answer

A)  expectations can influence observations.
B)  observations can influence measurement.
C)  expectations can influence reality.
D)  observations can influence reality.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

A property with a value that can vary or change is called a(n) :

Accepted Answer

A)  variable.
B)  modifier.
C)  adaptation.
D)  outlier.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 18

Which researcher who completely lies about conducting a study and makes a fraudulent research claim will probably get caught?

Accepted Answer

A)  The researcher who claims that the rate of food-reward size affects rats' maze running in orderly ways.
B)  The researcher who claims that taking frequent study breaks results in greater learning,even among younger children.
C)  The researcher who reports long-term mood benefits associated with the use of marijuana.
D)  The researcher who reports that college students are more likely to use prescription stimulants than are their noncollege peers.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Because males are more _____ than are females on a wide range of cognitive abilities,they tend to be _____ among great scientists.

Accepted Answer

A)  variable;overrepresented
B)  variable;underrepresented
C)  complex;overrepresented
D)  reactive;underrepresentedE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Which statement is TRUE about the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

A)  The scientific method takes a dogmatic approach to knowledge acquisition.
B)  The scientific method limits empirical observations to those consistent with a theory.
C)  The scientific method emphasizes the importance of nonempirical sources of information when constructing new theories.
D)  The scientific method uses empirical evidence to uncover new facts about the world.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Exam 2: Methods in Psychology-Part A

Which researcher who completely lies about conducting a study and makes a fraudulent research claim will probably get caught?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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A social psychologist is constantly evaluating his program of research to make sure that the benefits of the research in terms of knowledge about human behavior outweigh the risks associated with mild deception.The psychologist is evaluating whether or not his research is:

Correct Answer
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To correctly measure a specific property of an object,the property must be _ and _.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which number represents the WEAKEST correlation coefficient (r) ?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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A property with a value that can vary or change is called a(n) :

Correct Answer
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The chair of the psychology department wants to determine the average GPA of all psychology majors at the college.She compiles a list of the GPAs of all the psychology majors and calculates the average.The chairperson is working with data from a(n) :

Correct Answer
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What are the two key features to an experiment?

Correct Answer
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Because males are more _ than are females on a wide range of cognitive abilities,they tend to be _ among great scientists.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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In the number sequence 1 1 2 3 4 5,which number is the mode?

Correct Answer
verified

If researchers measure how some American children behave after playing a violent video game for 2 hours and then replicate the experiment with Asian,European,and African children and then with teenagers,the researchers would be using which justification of nonrandom sampling?

Correct Answer
verified

Cruella would not describe herself as the type of person who cares about animal rights,but she says that she does when filling out a survey for a psychologist.This illustrates that people can be highly _____ when studied.

Correct Answer
verified

Sofia's research yielded results that are consistent with a hypothesis derived from a cognitive account of classical conditioning.Which conclusion is CORRECT regarding the theory?

Correct Answer
verified

The statistic that describes the average distance between the measurements in a frequency distribution and the mean of that distribution is the:

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement is TRUE about the scientific method?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the BEST way to make it less likely that people will be influenced by demand characteristics?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 2: Methods in Psychology-Part A

Which researcher who completely lies about conducting a study and makes a fraudulent research claim will probably get caught?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A social psychologist is constantly evaluating his program of research to make sure that the benefits of the research in terms of knowledge about human behavior outweigh the risks associated with mild deception.The psychologist is evaluating whether or not his research is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To correctly measure a specific property of an object,the property must be _____ and _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which number represents the WEAKEST correlation coefficient (r) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A property with a value that can vary or change is called a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The chair of the psychology department wants to determine the average GPA of all psychology majors at the college.She compiles a list of the GPAs of all the psychology majors and calculates the average.The chairperson is working with data from a(n) :

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the two key features to an experiment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Because males are more _____ than are females on a wide range of cognitive abilities,they tend to be _____ among great scientists.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the number sequence 1 1 2 3 4 5,which number is the mode?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If researchers measure how some American children behave after playing a violent video game for 2 hours and then replicate the experiment with Asian,European,and African children and then with teenagers,the researchers would be using which justification of nonrandom sampling?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cruella would not describe herself as the type of person who cares about animal rights,but she says that she does when filling out a survey for a psychologist.This illustrates that people can be highly _____ when studied.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sofia's research yielded results that are consistent with a hypothesis derived from a cognitive account of classical conditioning.Which conclusion is CORRECT regarding the theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The statistic that describes the average distance between the measurements in a frequency distribution and the mean of that distribution is the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement is TRUE about the scientific method?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the BEST way to make it less likely that people will be influenced by demand characteristics?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

To correctly measure a specific property of an object,the property must be _ and _.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Because males are more _ than are females on a wide range of cognitive abilities,they tend to be _ among great scientists.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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