Question 1

_____ reinforcement happens when a specific consequence follows each and every occurrence of a desired behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  Fixed interval
B)  Variable ratio
C)  Fixed ratio
D)  Variable interval
E)  ContinuousF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 2

Positive reinforcement should necessarily be in the form of material rewards to be effective.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

The last step of behavior modeling is:

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement.
B)  production process.
C)  attention process.
D)  retention process.
E)  behavior assessment.F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 4

The belief that others think, feel, and act the same way as you do refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  availability bias.
B)  anchoring effect.
C)  bandwagon effect.
D)  projection bias.
E)  halo effect.F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 5

Jackson High School introduced a scholarship of $1,000 for students who maintain 100 percent attendance.This is an example of using _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive feedback
B)  negative feedback
C)  punishment
D)  extinction
E)  positive reinforcementF) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 6

Research shows that the difference between experts and novices is almost always a function of intelligence as opposed to the more popular view that learning makes the difference.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

_____ are simple, efficient, rules of thumb that allow us to make decisions more easily.

Accepted Answer

A)  Heuristics
B)  Perceptions
C)  Self-fulfilling prophecies
D)  Climates of transfer
E)  AttributionsF) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 8

With _____ schedule, workers are rewarded after a certain amount of time, and the length of time between reinforcement periods stays the same.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed interval
B)  variable ratio
C)  continuous reinforcement
D)  fixed ratio
E)  variable intervalF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 9

At a World Issues Conference, all the participants were asked to develop responses to two case situations.People split themselves up into teams based on their occupations.Which of the following helps to explain why the participants acted this way?

Accepted Answer

A)  Self-fulfilling prophecy
B)  Bandwagon effect
C)  Social identity theory
D)  Projection bias
E)  Collective perceptionF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 10

A slot machine is an example of a _____ reinforcement schedule.

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous
B)  fixed interval
C)  fixed ratio
D)  variable interval
E)  variable ratioF) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 11

The tendency of people to see their environment only as it affects them and as it is consistent with their expectations is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  social identification.
B)  selective perception.
C)  availability bias.
D)  environmental bias.
E)  thin-slicing.F) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 12

Learning is important because it has a significant impact on decision making.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

When an individual has a _____, building competence is deemed more important than demonstrating competence.

Accepted Answer

A)  productivity bias
B)  learning orientation
C)  projection bias
D)  performance orientation
E)  negative reinforcementF) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 14

The fundamental attribution error argues that people have a tendency to judge others' behaviors as due to internal factors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Transfer of training occurs when the knowledge, skills, and behaviors used on the job are maintained by the learner once training ends and generalized to the workplace once the learner returns to the job.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Transfer of training can be fostered if organizations create a(n)  _____, an environment that can support the use of new skills.

Accepted Answer

A)  locus of control
B)  internal heuristic
C)  climate for transfer
D)  community of practice
E)  social networkF) C) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 17

A stereotype occurs when assumptions are made about others on the basis of their membership in a social group.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

When employees observe the actions of others, learn from what they observe, and then repeat the observed behavior, they are engaging in cognitive modeling.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The notion that decision makers simply do not have the ability or resources to process all available information and alternatives to make an optimal decision refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  management by exception.
B)  communities of practice.
C)  bounded rationality.
D)  projection bias.
E)  structure bias.F) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 20

_____ decisions are decisions that become somewhat automatic because people's knowledge allows them to recognize and identify a situation and the course of action that needs to be taken.

Accepted Answer

A)  Programmed
B)  Unstructured
C)  Indirect
D)  Spontaneous
E)  SurfaceF) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Exam 8: Learning and Decision Making

When employees observe the actions of others, learn from what they observe, and then repeat the observed behavior, they are engaging in cognitive modeling.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Learning is important because it has a significant impact on decision making.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Positive reinforcement should necessarily be in the form of material rewards to be effective.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

With _____ schedule, workers are rewarded after a certain amount of time, and the length of time between reinforcement periods stays the same.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Transfer of training can be fostered if organizations create a(n) _____, an environment that can support the use of new skills.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ are simple, efficient, rules of thumb that allow us to make decisions more easily.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The belief that others think, feel, and act the same way as you do refers to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The tendency of people to see their environment only as it affects them and as it is consistent with their expectations is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jackson High School introduced a scholarship of $1,000 for students who maintain 100 percent attendance.This is an example of using _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The notion that decision makers simply do not have the ability or resources to process all available information and alternatives to make an optimal decision refers to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ reinforcement happens when a specific consequence follows each and every occurrence of a desired behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The last step of behavior modeling is:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A stereotype occurs when assumptions are made about others on the basis of their membership in a social group.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When an individual has a _____, building competence is deemed more important than demonstrating competence.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research shows that the difference between experts and novices is almost always a function of intelligence as opposed to the more popular view that learning makes the difference.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fundamental attribution error argues that people have a tendency to judge others' behaviors as due to internal factors.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A slot machine is an example of a _____ reinforcement schedule.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At a World Issues Conference, all the participants were asked to develop responses to two case situations.People split themselves up into teams based on their occupations.Which of the following helps to explain why the participants acted this way?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ decisions are decisions that become somewhat automatic because people's knowledge allows them to recognize and identify a situation and the course of action that needs to be taken.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Transfer of training occurs when the knowledge, skills, and behaviors used on the job are maintained by the learner once training ends and generalized to the workplace once the learner returns to the job.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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