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Exam 7: DNA Structure and Gene Function

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Question 41

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A somatic mutation is a mutation that occurs in cells that give rise to gametes.

A) True
B) False

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Question 42

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In the study of the evolution of FOXP2,evidence supporting the evolution of a family language disorder comes from what important link?

A) the identification of the same mutation in all patients with speech disorders
B) the family members were all lacking vocal chords
C) the disorder is common in the family
D) the identification of a single mutation in a single gene responsible for the disorder
E) the identification of multiple mutations in multiple genes responsible for the disorder

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Question 43

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A three-base sequence (loop) in tRNA that is complementary to a sequence of three bases in mRNA is a(n)

The process by which cells use the information of RNA molecules to make proteins is transcription.

A bacteriophage infects a bacterial cell by injecting nucleic acid into the bacterium.

The Human Genome Project is a multinational project that reported complete identification of more than 20,000 genes in human DNA. Growing understanding has associated "normal" and naturally variable versions of the genes, producing specific proteins for human health and cell functions. Numerous mutated versions of the genes have been associated with particular human health problems and disease, due to the types of cells where mutations occur, the specific genes affected, and the type and extent of mutation. In these cases, the structure and function of proteins is ultimately impacted. Examine these examples to apply your knowledge of mutations to the descriptions provided. -Humans have a gene called PDHA1,which codes for one protein that functions as an enzyme in the cell.It helps energy pathways,by modifying pyruvate molecules into acetyl CoA molecules.Researchers have identified an insertion mutation in the gene,which produces an extra amino acid within the otherwise normal sequence in the protein.In this type of mutation,

The type of RNA that delivers amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis is tRNA.

If E. coli bacteria are grown in the presence of lactose, then the repressor will

DNA genetic coding and cell regulation is now understood to be incredibly important to every cell among organisms, and is also associated with viruses. Through the early and mid 1900s, scientists developed new molecular analysis methods that changed the foundations of how we understand "life" to function. Normal health and homeostasis, as well as disease, and natural variations in form and function among organisms are now better understood. Medical and biological applications have increased dramatically with the understanding of DNA molecule structure, and it is helpful to have recognition of the scientists and sequence of events contributing to our understanding. -The "twisted ladder" shape of a DNA molecule results from

The nucleotides called pyrimidines include

The step of translation in which amino acids are added one at a time to the growing polypeptide is

The DNA sequence 5'-ATCGATCG-3' will pair with which of the following RNA strands?

The Human Genome Project is a multinational project that reported complete identification of more than 20,000 genes in human DNA. Growing understanding has associated "normal" and naturally variable versions of the genes, producing specific proteins for human health and cell functions. Numerous mutated versions of the genes have been associated with particular human health problems and disease, due to the types of cells where mutations occur, the specific genes affected, and the type and extent of mutation. In these cases, the structure and function of proteins is ultimately impacted. Examine these examples to apply your knowledge of mutations to the descriptions provided. -In a "silent" mutation the

The DNA sequence 5'-ATCGTACG-3' will pair with which of the following DNA strands?

The Human Genome Project is a multinational project that reported complete identification of more than 20,000 genes in human DNA. Growing understanding has associated "normal" and naturally variable versions of the genes, producing specific proteins for human health and cell functions. Numerous mutated versions of the genes have been associated with particular human health problems and disease, due to the types of cells where mutations occur, the specific genes affected, and the type and extent of mutation. In these cases, the structure and function of proteins is ultimately impacted. Examine these examples to apply your knowledge of mutations to the descriptions provided. -Keratins are structural proteins in skin,hair,and fingernails.One gene,called KRT10,is located on the 17th paired chromosome in humans.It produces a keratin that strengthens skin cells.Researchers isolated the specific location on the DNA having the nucleotide sequence,accessed during transcription,that encodes for the mRNA strand that will direct translation of the proteins.That specific portion of the DNA is the

A tRNA molecule is "bilingual" because it binds to

RNA differs from DNA in that