Question 1

Hyponatremia is usually a result of hypotonic hydration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Most body water intake is from __________,whereas most body water lost is via __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic water; cutaneous transpiration
B)  metabolic water; sweat
C)  drinking; cutaneous transpiration and expired air
D)  drinking; urine
E)  drinking; radiationF) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 3

Which buffer system accounts for 75% of all chemical buffering in the body fluids?

Accepted Answer

A)  The protein buffer system
B)  The bicarbonate system
C)  The phosphate system
D)  The carbonic acid system
E)  The ammonium buffer systemF) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 4

The three physiological buffer systems are urinary,digestive,and respiratory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What is the most abundant anion in the ECF?

Accepted Answer

A)  HCO3-
B)  PO43-
C)  HPO42-
D)  H2PO4-
E)  Cl-F) D) and E)
G) C) and D) E

Question 6

Fluid intake is governed mainly by hypothalamic receptors called osmoreceptors.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

A buffer system converts a weak acid or base into a strong one.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 8

Which of the following can prolonged exposure to cold weather lead to?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fluid sequestration in the upper limbs
B)  Hypotonic hydration
C)  Hypervolemia
D)  Increased sensible water loss
E)  Increased respiratory water lossF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 9

What is the most abundant cation in the ICF?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ca2+
B)  Na+
C)  K+
D)  Cl-
E)  PiF) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 10

Which of the following occurs when blood volume and pressure become too high?

Accepted Answer

A)  ADH release is inhibited.
B)  ADH release is stimulated.
C)  The renal tubules reabsorb more water.
D)  The renal tubules reabsorb more sodium.
E)  The kidneys produce less urine.F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 11

When the renal tubules secrete hydrogen ions into the tubular fluid,they __________ at the same time.

Accepted Answer

A)  secrete potassium
B)  secrete sodium
C)  reabsorb potassium
D)  secrete chloride
E)  reabsorb sodiumF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 12

Aldosterone promotes potassium excretion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

What protein is the most important buffer in blood plasma?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fibrinogen
B)  Albumin
C)  Alpha globulin
D)  Gamma globulin
E)  TransferrinF) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 14

Where is the greatest volume of water in the body found?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intracellular fluid (ICF) 
B)  Extracellular fluid (ECF) 
C)  Tissue (interstitial)  fluid
D)  Blood plasma and lymph
E)  Transcellular fluidF) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 15

What is the normal pH of tissue fluid?

Accepted Answer

A)  6.95-7.05
B)  7.05-7.15
C)  7.15-7.25
D)  7.25-7.35
E)  7.35-7.45F) A) and B)
G) A) and D)

Question 16

Which of the following represents the complete chemical reaction for the bicarbonate buffer system?

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2 + H2O 2 + H2O   H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
B)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+   H2CO3 
C)  H2CO3   CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+ 
D)  H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
E)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > H2CO32 + H2O   H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
B)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+   H2CO3 
C)  H2CO3   CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+ 
D)  H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
E)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > HCO3- + H+
B)  CO2 + H2O 2 + H2O   H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
B)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+   H2CO3 
C)  H2CO3   CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+ 
D)  H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
E)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > HCO3- + H+2 + H2O   H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
B)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+   H2CO3 
C)  H2CO3   CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+ 
D)  H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
E)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > H2CO3
C)  H2CO3 2 + H2O   H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
B)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+   H2CO3 
C)  H2CO3   CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+ 
D)  H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
E)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > CO2 + H2O2 + H2O   H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
B)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+   H2CO3 
C)  H2CO3   CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+ 
D)  H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
E)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > HCO3- + H+
D)  H2CO3 2 + H2O   H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
B)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+   H2CO3 
C)  H2CO3   CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+ 
D)  H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
E)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > HCO3- + H+
E)  CO2 + H2O 2 + H2O   H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
B)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+   H2CO3 
C)  H2CO3   CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+ 
D)  H2CO3   HCO3- + H+ 
E)  CO2 + H2O   HCO3- + H+" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > HCO3- + H+F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 17

Proteins can buffer a drop in pH with their ___________ side groups and can buffer an increase in pH with their __________ side groups.

Accepted Answer

A)  -NH2; -PO4
B)  -PO4; -COOH
C)  -NH2; -COOH
D)  -COOH; -NH2
E)  -PO4; -NH2F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

Question 18

Which of these conditions is not a result of hyperkalemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cells are more excitable.
B)  The resting membrane potential is more negative.
C)  The cells are partially depolarized.
D)  The cells are more sensitive to stimulation.
E)  There is less diffusion of potassium out of the cells.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 19

Which of the following does not stimulate aldosterone secretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypotension
B)  Hyponatremia
C)  Hyperkalemia
D)  High blood sodium concentration
E)  High blood potassium concentrationF) A) and E)
G) B) and C) D

Question 20

Emphysema can lead to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic acidosis
B)  Metabolic alkalosis
C)  Respiratory alkalosis
D)  Respiratory acidosis
E)  Digestive alkalosisF) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Exam 24: Water,Electrolyte,and Acid-Base Balance

Hyponatremia is usually a result of hypotonic hydration.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most body water intake is from __________,whereas most body water lost is via __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which buffer system accounts for 75% of all chemical buffering in the body fluids?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The three physiological buffer systems are urinary,digestive,and respiratory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the most abundant anion in the ECF?

Correct AnswerverifiedE

Fluid intake is governed mainly by hypothalamic receptors called osmoreceptors.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A buffer system converts a weak acid or base into a strong one.

Correct AnswerverifiedFalse

Which of the following can prolonged exposure to cold weather lead to?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the most abundant cation in the ICF?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following occurs when blood volume and pressure become too high?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the renal tubules secrete hydrogen ions into the tubular fluid,they __________ at the same time.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aldosterone promotes potassium excretion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What protein is the most important buffer in blood plasma?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where is the greatest volume of water in the body found?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the normal pH of tissue fluid?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following represents the complete chemical reaction for the bicarbonate buffer system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Proteins can buffer a drop in pH with their ___________ side groups and can buffer an increase in pH with their __________ side groups.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of these conditions is not a result of hyperkalemia?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following does not stimulate aldosterone secretion?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Emphysema can lead to which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Most body water intake is from ,whereas most body water lost is via .

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E

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False

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Proteins can buffer a drop in pH with their _ side groups and can buffer an increase in pH with their side groups.

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D

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