Question 1

Discuss the fixed-ratio and variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A fixed-ratio schedule reinforces a beha...

Question 2

Classical conditioning most effectively explains how neutral stimuli become associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  learned behavior.
B)  instrumental behavior.
C)  involuntary responses.
D)  conditioned responses.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 3

In classical conditioning, organisms learn the association between two

Accepted Answer

A)  organizations.
B)  stimuli.
C)  motives.
D)  considerations.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 4

Which of the following is the best example of a primary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A)  praise
B)  money
C)  food
D)  attentionE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Your psychology professor wants to help students learn how to write a high-quality research paper, so she posts an example of a research paper on the course website.You use this example as a model when writing your own paper.
Which of the following concepts best describes how you learned to write your research paper?

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning
B)  operant conditioning
C)  observational learning
D)  insight learningE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 6

Which of the following best illustrates positive punishment in operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  forbidding a child from watching television because he broke a glass
B)  forbidding a teenager from leaving the house because he got drunk
C)  lecturing and reprimanding a child for being rude to his or her teachers
D)  refusing to give his or her favorite toys to a child who refuses to eatE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

The adage "When in Rome, do as the Romans do" best reflects which of the following types of learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning
B)  classical conditioning
C)  observational learning
D)  latent learningE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 8

Todd is scolded each time he bullies his little brother by taking away his toys.His mother notices that the frequency of bullying has decreased.Scolding Todd is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement.
B)  negative punishment.
C)  positive reinforcement.
D)  positive punishment.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Classical conditioning can produce _____, which is a decrease in the production of antibodies that can lower a person's ability to fight disease.

Accepted Answer

A)  immunosuppression
B)  depression
C)  habituation
D)  conditioned oppressionE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 10

_____ is a consequence that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will occur.

Accepted Answer

A)  Punishment
B)  Extinction
C)  Discrimination
D)  GeneralizationE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 11

Which of the following is true of a fixed-interval schedule in the context of operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  It reinforces the first behavior after a set amount of time has passed.
B)  It produces a high, steady rate of behavior that is more resistant to extinction than the other schedules.
C)  It reinforces a behavior after a variable amount of time has elapsed.
D)  It reinforces a behavior after a set number of behaviors.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

A _____ reinforcer is innately satisfying and it does not take any learning on the organism's part to make it pleasurable.

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary
B)  primary
C)  tertiary
D)  intermediaryE) A) and C)
F) A) and D) B

Question 13

Which of the following describes the reinforcement element in observational learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  judging whether to repeat a behavior depending on the consequences of the behavior
B)  encoding the information and keeping it in memory so that it can be retrieved later
C)  imitating and enacting a model's actions to achieve similarity in reproduction of the set of behaviors initially observed
D)  attending to what the model is saying or doingE) B) and C)
F) All of the above A

Question 14

Which of the following is true of observational learning?

Accepted Answer

A)  It focuses on automatic, involuntary behaviors.
B)  It often takes less time than operant conditioning.
C)  It was first conceptualized by Ivan Pavlov.
D)  It usually begins with reinforcement and ends with extinction.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 15

Fred's parents are very inconsistent with their childrearing rules.Most of the time Fred can climb on the furniture but sometimes he is punished.Fred's parents can't understand why he isn't a well-behaved child.Fred's parents are reinforcing his negative behaviors on a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  internal-reinforcement schedule.
B)  external-reinforcement schedule.
C)  partial-reinforcement schedule.
D)  continuous-reinforcement schedule.E) All of the above
F) None of the above C

Question 16

_____ is the species-specific biological predisposition to learn in certain ways but not others.

Accepted Answer

A)  Instinctive drift
B)  Instinctive learning
C)  Preparedness
D)  ConceptualizationE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

You feel fine at the picnic until a spider very similar to the one that bit you last year and made you sick starts to walk onto your picnic blanket.This reaction is most likely a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned stimulus (US) .
B)  unconditioned response (UR) .
C)  conditioned stimulus (CS) .
D)  conditioned response (CR) .E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 18

Patricia wants to decrease the frequency of her teenage daughter's misbehavior.Give examples of positive and negative punishment techniques Patricia might consider in order to encourage her daughter to behave properly.

Accepted Answer

Punishment is a consequence that decreas...

Question 19

_____ is a form of treatment that involves repeated pairings of a stimulus with a very unpleasant stimulus.

Accepted Answer

A)  Instinctive drift
B)  Aversive conditioning
C)  Expectancy learning
D)  GeneralizingE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Sarah feels sick every time she travels by air.She associates flying with physical illness and, as a result, hates air travel.She also finds it difficult to watch movies with airplanes or read books about airplanes because they make her uncomfortable.This scenario illustrates the learning process of

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning.
B)  classical conditioning.
C)  observational learning.
D)  implicit learning.E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Exam 5: Learning

Discuss the fixed-ratio and variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement.

Correct Answer
verified
A fixed-ratio schedule reinforces a beha...
View Answer

Classical conditioning most effectively explains how neutral stimuli become associated with

Correct Answer
verified

In classical conditioning, organisms learn the association between two

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is the best example of a primary reinforcer?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following best illustrates positive punishment in operant conditioning?

Correct Answer
verified

The adage "When in Rome, do as the Romans do" best reflects which of the following types of learning?

Correct Answer
verified

Todd is scolded each time he bullies his little brother by taking away his toys.His mother notices that the frequency of bullying has decreased.Scolding Todd is an example of

Correct Answer
verified

Classical conditioning can produce _____, which is a decrease in the production of antibodies that can lower a person's ability to fight disease.

Correct Answer
verified

_____ is a consequence that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will occur.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is true of a fixed-interval schedule in the context of operant conditioning?

Correct Answer
verified

A _____ reinforcer is innately satisfying and it does not take any learning on the organism's part to make it pleasurable.

Correct Answer
verified
B

Which of the following describes the reinforcement element in observational learning?

Correct Answer
verified
A

Which of the following is true of observational learning?

Correct Answer
verified

Fred's parents are very inconsistent with their childrearing rules.Most of the time Fred can climb on the furniture but sometimes he is punished.Fred's parents can't understand why he isn't a well-behaved child.Fred's parents are reinforcing his negative behaviors on a(n)

Correct Answer
verified
C

_____ is the species-specific biological predisposition to learn in certain ways but not others.

Correct Answer
verified

You feel fine at the picnic until a spider very similar to the one that bit you last year and made you sick starts to walk onto your picnic blanket.This reaction is most likely a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

Patricia wants to decrease the frequency of her teenage daughter's misbehavior.Give examples of positive and negative punishment techniques Patricia might consider in order to encourage her daughter to behave properly.

Correct Answer
verified
Punishment is a consequence that decreas...
View Answer

_____ is a form of treatment that involves repeated pairings of a stimulus with a very unpleasant stimulus.

Correct Answer
verified

Sarah feels sick every time she travels by air.She associates flying with physical illness and, as a result, hates air travel.She also finds it difficult to watch movies with airplanes or read books about airplanes because they make her uncomfortable.This scenario illustrates the learning process of

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 5: Learning

Discuss the fixed-ratio and variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement.

Correct AnswerverifiedA fixed-ratio schedule reinforces a beha...View AnswerShow Answer

Classical conditioning most effectively explains how neutral stimuli become associated with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In classical conditioning, organisms learn the association between two

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the best example of a primary reinforcer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following best illustrates positive punishment in operant conditioning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The adage "When in Rome, do as the Romans do" best reflects which of the following types of learning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Todd is scolded each time he bullies his little brother by taking away his toys.His mother notices that the frequency of bullying has decreased.Scolding Todd is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Classical conditioning can produce _____, which is a decrease in the production of antibodies that can lower a person's ability to fight disease.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ is a consequence that decreases the likelihood that a behavior will occur.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true of a fixed-interval schedule in the context of operant conditioning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A _____ reinforcer is innately satisfying and it does not take any learning on the organism's part to make it pleasurable.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Which of the following describes the reinforcement element in observational learning?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Which of the following is true of observational learning?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fred's parents are very inconsistent with their childrearing rules.Most of the time Fred can climb on the furniture but sometimes he is punished.Fred's parents can't understand why he isn't a well-behaved child.Fred's parents are reinforcing his negative behaviors on a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedC

_____ is the species-specific biological predisposition to learn in certain ways but not others.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You feel fine at the picnic until a spider very similar to the one that bit you last year and made you sick starts to walk onto your picnic blanket.This reaction is most likely a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Patricia wants to decrease the frequency of her teenage daughter's misbehavior.Give examples of positive and negative punishment techniques Patricia might consider in order to encourage her daughter to behave properly.

Correct AnswerverifiedPunishment is a consequence that decreas...View AnswerShow Answer

_____ is a form of treatment that involves repeated pairings of a stimulus with a very unpleasant stimulus.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A fixed-ratio schedule reinforces a beha...
View Answer

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B

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A

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C

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Punishment is a consequence that decreas...
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