Question 1

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   gram-negative outer membrane
B)   inclusions
C)   slime layer
D)   capsule
E)   fimbriaeF) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 2

The site for ATP synthesis in bacterial cells is the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   cell membrane
B)   mitochondrion
C)   cell wall
D)   microcompartment
E)   ribosomeF) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 3

Hot carbol fuchsin is the primary dye in the acid-fast stain.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

You've just isolated a new bacterium in pure culture,and you culture it on a general purpose medium where its cells have a rod-shape (bacillus) morphology.In addition to culturing it on solid media,you inoculate a slide to grow it as a biofilm.When you use confocal microscopy to image the biofilm,you observe that there are several cellular morphologies,ranging from coccus to coccobacillus to long bacillus.The best explanation for this observation is that

Accepted Answer

A)   the confocal microscope is out of adjustment.
B)   the biofilm is no longer a pure culture of the microbe.
C)   the biofilm culture was not incubated under the appropriate conditions.
D)   the microenvironments within a biofilm promote structural variation.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 5

Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacterial cell walls.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

If the bacterial cells were viewed immediately after crystal violet was applied during the Gram stain procedure,gram-positive cells would be purple but gram-negative cells would be colorless.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

A chain of rod-shaped cells would be called a ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   palisade
B)   Staphylobacillus
C)   streptobacillus
D)   staphylococcus
E)   streptococcusF) None of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 8

A clinical laboratory that identifies the bacterial agents that cause human disease would refer to Bergey's Manual of ______ Bacteriology for guidance in identification.

Accepted Answer

A)   Systematic
B)   Determinative
C)   Classical
D)   EvolutionaryE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

Two structures that allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces are ______ and ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   actin filaments; phospholipid membranes
B)   lipopolysaccharide; techoic acid
C)   endospores; metachromatic granules
D)   fimbriae; capsules
E)   pili; ribosomesF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 10

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid,tubular appendages called ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   periplasmic flagella (axial filaments) 
B)   fimbriae
C)   sex pili
D)   cilia
E)   flagellaF) C) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 11

E.coli has been isolated and cultured from three different individuals.Upon biochemical testing of these three cultures,you find that there are differences in some reactions.What is the best explanation of these differences?

Accepted Answer

A)  These represent three different species of E.coli.
B)  This is normal genetic variation seen among strains of E.coli.
C)  Two of the cultures are mutants of the other.
D)  The other two cultures are not really E.coli.
E)  Mistakes have been made in the test interpretation.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 12

A new drug is found to act by blocking the incorporation of subunits into sterol molecules for the cell membrane.Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Only archaeal cells would be affected by this drug.
B)   Only biofilms would be affected by this drug.
C)   Most bacteria would be unaffected by this drug.
D)   A drug with this mechanism would be an excellent antibiotic.
E)   This kind of drug would destroy viruses only.F) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 13

If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment,the cell structure that would prevent the cells from rupturing is the ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   slime layer
B)   capsule
C)   endospore
D)   cell membrane
E)   cell wallF) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 14

The chemical bonds in peptidoglycan can be hydrolyed by the enzyme _____,found in tears and saliva.

Accepted Answer

A)   lysozyme
B)   penicillinase
C)   peptidase
D)   kinaseE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

Which of the following is not a phenotypic trait of bacteria?

Accepted Answer

A)   Cell shape
B)   Biochemical reactions
C)   rRNA sequence
D)   Nutrient requirementsE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

You have found a mutant of Streptococcus pneumoniae that has lost the ability to produce a capsule.If you inject this strain into a population of healthy mice,what prediction can you make about the consequences?

Accepted Answer

A)   The mice will get a severe case of pneumonia and recover.
B)   The mice will remain healthy.
C)   The mice will die of pneumonia.
D)   The infection will respond to antiviral medication.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Gram-negative bacteria

Accepted Answer

A)   have a more complex cell envelope with a greater variation in chemical composition.
B)   appear purple following the Gram stain.
C)   are generally more susceptible to antibiotics than gram-positive bacteria.
D)   include all pathogens.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

Archaea have been found in many microenvironments in the human body.Which of the following microenvironments is most likely to fit with the designation of Archaea as "extremophiles?"

Accepted Answer

A)   The inner ear can withstand increased pressure.
B)   The surface of the tongue has salt receptors.
C)   The gingiva and the gut are anaerobic.
D)   The temperature of the testes is less than 37°C.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 19

You've just isolated a new bacterium in pure culture,and you culture it on a general purpose medium where its cells have a coccobacillus morphology.When you examine the cells after culturing on a variety of differential media,you find that in some cases,the cells appear as coccobacillus,but in others,they can be filamentous,cocci,or club-shaped.The best explanation for this observation is that

Accepted Answer

A)   the media were incubated at an incorrect temperature.
B)   the differential media are contaminated.
C)   the microscope is out of adjustment.
D)   the bacterium is pleomorphic.
E)   your culture has become contaminated.F) All of the above
G) None of the above

Question 20

A slime layer gives bacterial cells greater pathogenicity than a capsule.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 4: Bacteria and Archaea

Correct Answer
verified

If the bacterial cells were viewed immediately after crystal violet was applied during the Gram stain procedure,gram-positive cells would be purple but gram-negative cells would be colorless.

Correct Answer
verified

The chemical bonds in peptidoglycan can be hydrolyed by the enzyme _____,found in tears and saliva.

Correct Answer
verified

A clinical laboratory that identifies the bacterial agents that cause human disease would refer to Bergey's Manual of ______ Bacteriology for guidance in identification.

Correct Answer
verified

If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment,the cell structure that would prevent the cells from rupturing is the ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

E.coli has been isolated and cultured from three different individuals.Upon biochemical testing of these three cultures,you find that there are differences in some reactions.What is the best explanation of these differences?

Correct Answer
verified

A new drug is found to act by blocking the incorporation of subunits into sterol molecules for the cell membrane.Which statement is true?

Correct Answer
verified

The site for ATP synthesis in bacterial cells is the ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacterial cell walls.

Correct Answer
verified

A slime layer gives bacterial cells greater pathogenicity than a capsule.

Correct Answer
verified

Archaea have been found in many microenvironments in the human body.Which of the following microenvironments is most likely to fit with the designation of Archaea as "extremophiles?"

Correct Answer
verified

Two structures that allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces are and .

Correct Answer
verified

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except ______.

Correct Answer
verified

You have found a mutant of Streptococcus pneumoniae that has lost the ability to produce a capsule.If you inject this strain into a population of healthy mice,what prediction can you make about the consequences?

Correct Answer
verified

Gram-negative bacteria

Correct Answer
verified

Hot carbol fuchsin is the primary dye in the acid-fast stain.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is not a phenotypic trait of bacteria?

Correct Answer
verified

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid,tubular appendages called ______.

Correct Answer
verified

A chain of rod-shaped cells would be called a ______.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 4: Bacteria and Archaea

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the bacterial cells were viewed immediately after crystal violet was applied during the Gram stain procedure,gram-positive cells would be purple but gram-negative cells would be colorless.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The chemical bonds in peptidoglycan can be hydrolyed by the enzyme _____,found in tears and saliva.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A clinical laboratory that identifies the bacterial agents that cause human disease would refer to Bergey's Manual of ______ Bacteriology for guidance in identification.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment,the cell structure that would prevent the cells from rupturing is the ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

E.coli has been isolated and cultured from three different individuals.Upon biochemical testing of these three cultures,you find that there are differences in some reactions.What is the best explanation of these differences?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A new drug is found to act by blocking the incorporation of subunits into sterol molecules for the cell membrane.Which statement is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The site for ATP synthesis in bacterial cells is the ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacterial cell walls.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A slime layer gives bacterial cells greater pathogenicity than a capsule.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Archaea have been found in many microenvironments in the human body.Which of the following microenvironments is most likely to fit with the designation of Archaea as "extremophiles?"

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two structures that allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces are ______ and ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease except ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You have found a mutant of Streptococcus pneumoniae that has lost the ability to produce a capsule.If you inject this strain into a population of healthy mice,what prediction can you make about the consequences?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Gram-negative bacteria

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hot carbol fuchsin is the primary dye in the acid-fast stain.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not a phenotypic trait of bacteria?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid,tubular appendages called ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A chain of rod-shaped cells would be called a ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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verified

Two structures that allow bacteria to adhere to surfaces are and .

Correct Answer
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