Question 1

Oyserman,Coon,and Kemmelmeier (2002) hypothesize that humans have evolved psychological mechanisms:

Accepted Answer

A)  and are born with mechanisms to fit into the culture they are born into.
B)  and they will be interdependent when resources are abundant and mobility is high.
C)  and they will strive for independence when resources are scarce and mobility is low.
D)  for both types of self-concepts and can switch from one mode to another,depending on fitness advantages.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true about cultures that are characterized by interdependence?

Accepted Answer

A)  They encourage expression of personal desires and internal motives.
B)  They emphasize nonconformity to the dictates of others.
C)  They celebrate individuals' uniqueness and novelty within a group.
D)  They emphasize individuals' embeddedness within a group.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Differences in historical eras are most likely to affect:

Accepted Answer

A)  cultural variation.
B)  within-culture variation.
C)  cultural universals.
D)  acculturation.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 4

Research suggests that cooperative food sharing is found in cultures:

Accepted Answer

A)  that have a cool climate.
B)  that have a warm climate.
C)  where resource availability is highly variable.
D)  where resource availability is less variable.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 5

In the context of early experience and evoked mating strategies,children growing up in stable homes with parents who predictably invest in their welfare _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  attract highly impulsive and low-investing mates
B)  opt for a long-term mating strategy
C)  tend to reach puberty at an early age
D)  are inclined to seek multiple matesE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Using the Twenty Statements Test,researchers have discovered that Chinese participants most often:

Accepted Answer

A)  describe themselves independent of a given situation.
B)  describe themselves within the context of a given situation.
C)  describe themselves using social roles.
D)  describe themselves as being quite ordinary.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Bulky clothes that people in far northern cultures often wear is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  transmitted culture.
B)  cultural universals.
C)  evoked culture.
D)  a culture of honor.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 8

Research suggests that American students are more likely to describe themselves as _____ when compared with Japanese students.

Accepted Answer

A)  ordinary
B)  related to someone
C)  special
D)  eccentricE) C) and D)
F) B) and D) C

Question 9

American 5-year-old children's judgments about right and wrong:

Accepted Answer

A)  have been diluted significantly by the mediA.
B)  do not reflect adult judgments until adolescence.
C)  are almost identical to adult judgments.
D)  are more similar to those of their grandparents than their parents.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C) C

Question 10

Keith,a businessperson,says a silent prayer before meeting his clients.His father,who believed that praying before an important event brings good luck,taught him the prayer.Keith also started believing that praying brings good fortune and prosperity.This scenario most likely exemplifies _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  transmitted culture
B)  individualistic culture
C)  evoked culture
D)  collectivistic cultureE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Evoked cooperation is usually a result of _____ conditions in an environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  variance-absent
B)  lower-variance
C)  medium-variance
D)  high-varianceE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Collectivist cultures are similar to _____ cultures.

Accepted Answer

A)  individualist
B)  interdependent
C)  independent
D)  introvertedE) C) and D)
F) A) and D) B

Question 13

Psychologist Steven Pinker argues that people in different cultures:

Accepted Answer

A)  experience different emotions.
B)  express emotions in a similar manner.
C)  use different words to talk about their emotions.
D)  cannot recognize emotions across cultures.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 14

In studies of American,Japanese,and Polish men,men from higher social classes in all cultures tended to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  give priority to group goals
B)  be highly generous and charitable
C)  conform to the dictates of others
D)  be more self-directedE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

People who live in extremely hot desert climates wear lightweight,loose robes,and large-brimmed hats.This best exemplifies:

Accepted Answer

A)  transmitted culture.
B)  cultural universals.
C)  evoked culture.
D)  elicited culture.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 16

Western cultures tend to emphasize _____ more than non-Western cultures.

Accepted Answer

A)  cultural transmission
B)  evoked culture
C)  independence
D)  interdependenceE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Tooby and Cosmides (1992) define cultural variations as within-group:

Accepted Answer

A)  similarities and between-group similarities.
B)  similarities and between-group differences.
C)  differences and between-group similarities.
D)  differences and between-group differences.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

Research shows that _____ differs substantially from culture to culture.

Accepted Answer

A)  expression of emotions
B)  recognizing emotional expressions
C)  the dimensional structure of personality traits
D)  self-conceptE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

According to Nisbett,subjects from the southern United States were more likely to endorse violence because of:

Accepted Answer

A)  transmitted culture.
B)  false politeness.
C)  a need to protect their reputation.
D)  a warm climate.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 20

Children in uncertain and unpredictable environments are more likely to:

Accepted Answer

A)  pursue a short-term mating strategy.
B)  pursue a long-term mating strategy.
C)  expect to remain married throughout adulthood.
D)  develop narcissistic personalities.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Exam 17: Culture and Personality

Oyserman,Coon,and Kemmelmeier (2002) hypothesize that humans have evolved psychological mechanisms:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true about cultures that are characterized by interdependence?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Differences in historical eras are most likely to affect:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research suggests that cooperative food sharing is found in cultures:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of early experience and evoked mating strategies,children growing up in stable homes with parents who predictably invest in their welfare _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Using the Twenty Statements Test,researchers have discovered that Chinese participants most often:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bulky clothes that people in far northern cultures often wear is an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research suggests that American students are more likely to describe themselves as _____ when compared with Japanese students.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

American 5-year-old children's judgments about right and wrong:

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Keith,a businessperson,says a silent prayer before meeting his clients.His father,who believed that praying before an important event brings good luck,taught him the prayer.Keith also started believing that praying brings good fortune and prosperity.This scenario most likely exemplifies _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Evoked cooperation is usually a result of _____ conditions in an environment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Collectivist cultures are similar to _____ cultures.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Psychologist Steven Pinker argues that people in different cultures:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In studies of American,Japanese,and Polish men,men from higher social classes in all cultures tended to _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People who live in extremely hot desert climates wear lightweight,loose robes,and large-brimmed hats.This best exemplifies:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Western cultures tend to emphasize _____ more than non-Western cultures.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tooby and Cosmides (1992) define cultural variations as within-group:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research shows that _____ differs substantially from culture to culture.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Nisbett,subjects from the southern United States were more likely to endorse violence because of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Children in uncertain and unpredictable environments are more likely to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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C

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C

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B

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