Question 1

Clues from geology and paleontology suggest that simple cells or their precursors arose about

Accepted Answer

A)   six billion years ago.
B)   six million years ago.
C)   four billion years ago.
D)   four million years ago.
E)   one million years ago.F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 2

Which is the best description of the mutual benefit to both species found in a lichen?

Accepted Answer

A)   The autotroph provides food and the heterotroph provides water and minerals.
B)   The autotroph prevents dehydration and the heterotroph provides energy.
C)   The autotroph provides water and minerals and the heterotroph prevents dehydration.
D)   The heterotroph protects the autotroph from predation.
E)   The autotroph produces antibiotics to ward off infection to the heterotroph by bacteria.F) A) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 3

A dinoflagellate has two flagella.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

How is the ability of phospholipids to spontaneously form membranes when placed in water important in the origin of life on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)   Membranes are used by cells to catalyze reactions.
B)   Membranes are used by cells to store genetic information.
C)   Membranes protect a cell from high temperatures and pressures in the environment.
D)   Membranes are used by cells to isolate their contents from the environment.
E)   Membranes protect a cell from gases in the atmosphere.F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 5

Which of the following phyla of fungi contain the organism responsible for Dutch elm disease and chestnut blight?

Accepted Answer

A)   Ascomycetes
B)   Zygomycetes
C)   Basidiomycetes
D)   ChytridiomycetesE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

Evidence supporting the idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts in present-day cells originated as independent organisms includes

Accepted Answer

A)   similarities in DNA sequences between mitochondrial and bacterial genomes.
B)   similarities in size and shape between mitochondria and some prokaryotes.
C)   similarity between photosynthetic pigments in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria.
D)   similarity in the way mitochondria, chloroplasts, and prokaryotes reproduce.
E)   All answers are correct.F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 7

In the ecosystems of the world,fungi act primarily as

Accepted Answer

A)   decomposers.
B)   autotrophs.
C)   primary consumers.
D)   secondary consumers.
E)   photosynthesizers.F) None of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 8

Slime molds may exist as either single amoeboid cells or large masses of cells that behave as one multicellular organism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

DNA sequence evidence suggests that plants,fungi,and animals arose from different lineages of unicellular protists.This suggests which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Protists evolved before the other three kingdoms.
B)   Early ancestors to plants, fungi, and animals could interbreed.
C)   Multicellular organisms arose only once in evolutionary history.
D)   All unicellular organisms are now extinct.
E)   The animal, plant, and fungal kingdoms contain some single-celled organisms.F) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 10

You are examining samples from a site in a dry pond that alternates between freezing cold winters and hot dry summers.When you find dormant thick-walled structures,you suspect that these are from bacteria and are

Accepted Answer

A)   plasmids.
B)   pili.
C)   ribosomes.
D)   flagella.
E)   endospores.F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 11

Photosynthesis probably originated during the ________ eon and most likely used ________ as an electron donor.

Accepted Answer

A)   Proterozoic; water
B)   Archean; water
C)   Archean; hydrogen sulfide
D)   Proterozoic; hydrogen sulfide
E)   Paleozoic; waterF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 12

Escherichia coli and Salmonella can live in our intestines in the presence or absence of oxygen.They are considered

Accepted Answer

A)   obligate anaerobes.
B)   phototrophs.
C)   facultative anaerobes.
D)   autotrophs.
E)   aerobic.F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 13

The first multicellular organisms probably arose about

Accepted Answer

A)   1.2 billion years ago.
B)   500 million years ago.
C)   two billion years ago.
D)   3.5 billion years ago.
E)   six billion years ago.F) None of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 14

The rigid barrier that surrounds most prokaryotes is the

Accepted Answer

A)   cell membrane.
B)   flagellum.
C)   ribosome.
D)   cell wall.
E)   cytoplasm.F) D) and E)
G) A) and E)

Question 15

You are analyzing samples under a microscope,and one sample comes from what you suspect is a fungus.You find tiny filaments,which,in your report,you call

Accepted Answer

A)   hyphae.
B)   spores.
C)   fruiting bodies.
D)   gills.
E)   chitin.F) B) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 16

A mushroom is a dikaryotic structure of Basidiomycota.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

In areas of the world where malaria is endemic,people have a relatively high incidence of the allele for

Accepted Answer

A)   sickle cell.
B)   blue eyes.
C)   cystic fibrosis.
D)   mental retardation.
E)   hemophilia.F) None of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 18

All protists are single-celled.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Clostridium tetani,the bacterium that causes tetanus,can survive in soil for up to 40 years.It is most likely in which of the following structures?

Accepted Answer

A)   a cell membrane
B)   a nucleus
C)   a cell wall
D)   a pilus
E)   an endosporeF) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 20

Associations of fungi and plant roots are called

Accepted Answer

A)   pili.
B)   mycorrhizae.
C)   lichens.
D)   root forks.
E)   endophytes.F) C) and E)
G) A) and E)

Exam 15: Evolution and Diversity of Microbial Life

A mushroom is a dikaryotic structure of Basidiomycota.

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A dinoflagellate has two flagella.

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In areas of the world where malaria is endemic,people have a relatively high incidence of the allele for

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Photosynthesis probably originated during the ________ eon and most likely used ________ as an electron donor.

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Clostridium tetani,the bacterium that causes tetanus,can survive in soil for up to 40 years.It is most likely in which of the following structures?

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All protists are single-celled.

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Slime molds may exist as either single amoeboid cells or large masses of cells that behave as one multicellular organism.

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The first multicellular organisms probably arose about

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Which is the best description of the mutual benefit to both species found in a lichen?

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Which of the following phyla of fungi contain the organism responsible for Dutch elm disease and chestnut blight?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are analyzing samples under a microscope,and one sample comes from what you suspect is a fungus.You find tiny filaments,which,in your report,you call

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Evidence supporting the idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts in present-day cells originated as independent organisms includes

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Associations of fungi and plant roots are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are examining samples from a site in a dry pond that alternates between freezing cold winters and hot dry summers.When you find dormant thick-walled structures,you suspect that these are from bacteria and are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Clues from geology and paleontology suggest that simple cells or their precursors arose about

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Escherichia coli and Salmonella can live in our intestines in the presence or absence of oxygen.They are considered

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the ecosystems of the world,fungi act primarily as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How is the ability of phospholipids to spontaneously form membranes when placed in water important in the origin of life on Earth?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

DNA sequence evidence suggests that plants,fungi,and animals arose from different lineages of unicellular protists.This suggests which of the following?

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The rigid barrier that surrounds most prokaryotes is the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Photosynthesis probably originated during the eon and most likely used as an electron donor.

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