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Exam 4: Ethical Guidelines for Psychology Research

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Question 1

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RESEARCH STUDY 4.1 Dr. Kline is planning on conducting a study next semester. He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance. For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr. Kline is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering R.E.M. (rapid eye movement) sleep. Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter R.E.M. sleep and then he will wake them. After 1 minute of being awake, he plans to let them return to sleep. As they enter R.E.M. sleep again, he wakes them up again and follows the same procedure. He plans to do this through the entire 8-hour sleep session. The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test. -Refer to Research Study 4.1 above to answer the following question. Imagine that Dr.Kline is a clinical psychologist who volunteers his time at a local prison counseling several inmates.Because of his connections there,he is considering using prisoners as his participants.The institutional review board (IRB) that reviews his committee must have which of the following as a member?

A) A prisoner advocate
B) A criminal justice professor
C) The prison warden
D) A clinical psychologist
E) A prisoner

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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Question 2

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Why is plagiarism a violation of ethics?

A) Because it violates an APA standard
B) Because it violates a Belmont Principle
C) Because it is akin to stealing
D) Both a and c
E) All of the above

F) A) and B)
G) None of the above

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D

Question 3

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Explain the difference between deception through omission and deception through commission in a research study.Why would a researcher want to deceive his/her participants? Why should researchers be careful about using deception?

State the three principles of the Belmont Report and explain how the Tuskegee Study violated each of them.

RESEARCH STUDY 4.2 Dr. Van Ryan is a social psychologist who is curious about how clothing affects people's perceptions. Specifically, she is curious how women who wear high heels are perceived in the workplace. Does the addition of height make co-workers take them more seriously? Are women who wear high heels seen as less professional? She is considering using an experimental design where some participants are instructed to wear high heels to work for a week and some participants are instructed to wear flat shoes. Each day of the week, Dr. Van Ryan will have the women's employer and co-workers rate how competent and professional the female participant is. -Refer to Research Study 4.2 above to answer the following question. Which of the ethical standards of the American Psychological Association (APA)guidelines is most important to psychologists conducting research? Name two components of this standard that Dr.Van Ryan must consider as she plans her study.

RESEARCH STUDY 4.1 Dr. Kline is planning on conducting a study next semester. He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance. For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr. Kline is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering R.E.M. (rapid eye movement) sleep. Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter R.E.M. sleep and then he will wake them. After 1 minute of being awake, he plans to let them return to sleep. As they enter R.E.M. sleep again, he wakes them up again and follows the same procedure. He plans to do this through the entire 8-hour sleep session. The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test. -Refer to Research Study 4.1 above to answer the following question. As a psychologist who primarily does research,Dr.Kline is most concerned with which APA standard of ethics?

RESEARCH STUDY 4.1 Dr. Kline is planning on conducting a study next semester. He is curious as to whether sleep deprivation is associated with poorer cognitive performance. For example, if you sleep poorly the night before a big exam, will you do worse? Dr. Kline is especially curious about selective sleep deprivation, where people are kept from entering R.E.M. (rapid eye movement) sleep. Using an electroencephalograph (EEG) to monitor brain waves, he plans to let participants sleep until they enter R.E.M. sleep and then he will wake them. After 1 minute of being awake, he plans to let them return to sleep. As they enter R.E.M. sleep again, he wakes them up again and follows the same procedure. He plans to do this through the entire 8-hour sleep session. The following morning, participants will be asked to take a sample SAT test. -Refer to Research Study 4.1 above to answer the following question. Dr.Kline's decision about the type of participants to recruit should be informed by which of the following principles of the Belmont Report?

Which of the following is NOT true of the Belmont Report?

The aim of the Tuskegee Study was to examine which disease?

Prior to research being conducted,a research proposal must be submitted for IRB approval in all of the following cases EXCEPT:

What is the difference between data that is collected anonymously and data that is collected confidentially?

What are the three primary arguments provided in favor of animal research?

Which of the following is true of students' views of deception and harm in research studies?

RESEARCH STUDY 4.2 Dr. Van Ryan is a social psychologist who is curious about how clothing affects people's perceptions. Specifically, she is curious how women who wear high heels are perceived in the workplace. Does the addition of height make co-workers take them more seriously? Are women who wear high heels seen as less professional? She is considering using an experimental design where some participants are instructed to wear high heels to work for a week and some participants are instructed to wear flat shoes. Each day of the week, Dr. Van Ryan will have the women's employer and co-workers rate how competent and professional the female participant is. -Refer to Research Study 4.2 above to answer the following question. What is the Principle of Beneficence? Explain how the Principle of Beneficence needs to be addressed by Dr.Van Ryan as she considers conducting her study.

When conducting animal research,which guideline states that alternatives to animal research should be considered?

Dr.Johnson is planning on conducting a study in which he observes the ways people approach each other in bars.He plans to sit at a local bar and listen to the ways men introduce themselves to women and the ways women introduce themselves to men.To avoid detection,he plans to sit at the bar and write down the information he collects on cocktail napkins.Dr.Johnson concludes that he does not need to have participants sign a written informed consent.Explain the concept of informed consent and why Dr.Johnson does not need to collect informed consent in this study.

Explain why the Belmont Principle of Respect for Persons requires participants to provide informed consent.

Which of the following events did NOT occur in the Tuskegee Study?

According to the Belmont Report,which of the following groups of people is entitled to special protection?

The need to balance the potential costs and benefits to participants taking part in a research study is done to address which principle of the Belmont Report?