Question 1

Excess hydrogen ion is eliminated from the body largely by

Accepted Answer

A)   sweating.
B)   the kidneys.
C)   the liver.
D)   the feces.
E)   buffers.F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 2

The maintenance of normal volume and composition of extracellular and intracellular fluids is vital to life.List and briefly describe the kinds of homeostasis involved.

Accepted Answer

Three types of homeostasis are involved:...

Question 3

Administration of a medication in the elderly can result in a much higher dosage than the clinician might intend because

Accepted Answer

A)   the metabolic rate in the elderly is so high.
B)   the kidneys of the elderly do not work well.
C)   the elderly have less water content in the body.
D)   other medications they take might enhance the concentration of another drug.
E)   they cannot regulate pH well.F) C) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 4

To reduce brain swelling by pulling water out of brain cells, a substance can be injected intravenouslytoincrease the osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid. Which of the following properties must this substance lack in order to be effective?

Accepted Answer

A)   permeable to capillary endothelium
B)   nontoxic to neurons
C)   permeable to brain plasma membranes
D)   impermeable to brain plasma membranes
E)   soluble in waterF) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 5

Which hormone most affects the osmolarity of blood?

Accepted Answer

A)   ADH
B)   angiotensin II
C)   PTH
D)   ANP
E)   epinephrineF) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 6

When the pH ________, a state of acidosis exists.

Accepted Answer

A)   rises above 7
B)   falls below 7
C)   falls below 6.5
D)   falls below 7.35
E)   rises above 7.5F) None of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 7

Which of the following statements is false regarding fluid and electrolyte balance?

Accepted Answer

A)   Fluctuations in diet will affect babies less because they have so much water content.
B)   Older people tend to become more dehydrated.
C)   Kidney functions tend to decrease as one ages.
D)   Aging correlates with problems in various organ systems, which can enhance acid-base imbalance problems.
E)   A fetus obtains water and electrolytes from the maternal bloodstream.F) D) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 8

Aldosterone

Accepted Answer

A)   is secreted in response to decreased levels of potassium in the blood.
B)   promotes sodium retention in the kidneys.
C)   helps decrease blood volume and lower blood pressure.
D)   regulates blood calcium levels.
E)   regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys.F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 9

Water molecules move across cells by

Accepted Answer

A)   osmosis.
B)   primary active transport.
C)   secondary active transport.
D)   activity of the sodium-potassium pump.
E)   phagocytosis.F) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 10

Severe kidney damage, such as glomerulonephritis, often leads to

Accepted Answer

A)   acute respiratory acidosis.
B)   respiratory alkalosis.
C)   metabolic acidosis.
D)   metabolic alkalosis.
E)   chronic respiratory acidosis.F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 11

________ promotes water reabsorption at the kidneys and stimulates thirst.

Accepted Answer

A)   ADH
B)   Aldosterone
C)   Calcitonin
D)   Renin
E)   Natriuretic peptideF) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 12

The typical value of water losses and gains each day is

Accepted Answer

A)   500 mL.
B)   1000 mL.
C)   1500 mL.
D)   2000 mL.
E)   2500 mL.F) D) and E)
G) B) and C)

Question 13

Which of the following descriptions best fits the acid-base disorder respiratory acidosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   consequence of hyperventilation (for example, in fever or mental illness) 
B)   consequence of prolonged vomiting
C)   consequence of reduced alveolar ventilation (for example, due to emphysema) 
D)   consequence of tissue hypoxia (for example, in ischemic conditions) 
E)   consequence of strenuous exerciseF) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 14

In clinical estimates, ________ of total body water is in the ICF and ________ in the ECF.

Accepted Answer

A)   one-tenth; nine-tenths
B)   one-quarter; three-quarters
C)   one-half; one-half
D)   two-thirds; one-third
E)   one-third; two-thirdsF) B) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

In-Text Figure Based Questions
-In which body fluid do the phosphate and protein buffer systems help regulate the pH? (Figure 27-10)

Accepted Answer

A)   intracellular fluid
B)   extracellular fluid
C)   blood plasma
D)   cerebrospinal fluidE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

In a lean adult male, the body consists of about ________ percent water.

Accepted Answer

A)   60
B)   90
C)   40
D)   10
E)   80F) D) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 17

The most dangerous problems with electrolyte balance are caused by an imbalance between gains and lossesof

Accepted Answer

A)   calcium ions.
B)   chlorine ions.
C)   potassium ions.
D)   sodium ions.
E)   electrons.F) B) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 18

The release of atrial naturetic peptides from the heart will cause the body to

Accepted Answer

A)   conserve sodium ions.
B)   decrease ECF.
C)   excrete potassium ions.
D)   conserve sodium ions and decrease ECF.
E)   excrete sodium ions and decrease ECF.F) A) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 19

The two major subdivisions of the ECF are the

Accepted Answer

A)   ICF and plasma.
B)   interstitial fluid and plasma.
C)   lymph and plasma.
D)   serous fluids and lymph.
E)   interstitial fluid and CSF.F) All of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 20

Hypoventilation leads to

Accepted Answer

A)   respiratory acidosis.
B)   respiratory alkalosis.
C)   metabolic acidosis.
D)   metabolic alkalosis.
E)   lactic acidosis.F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Exam 27: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

In clinical estimates, ________ of total body water is in the ICF and ________ in the ECF.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following descriptions best fits the acid-base disorder respiratory acidosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The most dangerous problems with electrolyte balance are caused by an imbalance between gains and lossesof

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The release of atrial naturetic peptides from the heart will cause the body to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ promotes water reabsorption at the kidneys and stimulates thirst.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To reduce brain swelling by pulling water out of brain cells, a substance can be injected intravenouslytoincrease the osmotic pressure of interstitial fluid. Which of the following properties must this substance lack in order to be effective?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Water molecules move across cells by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aldosterone

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hypoventilation leads to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which hormone most affects the osmolarity of blood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When the pH ________, a state of acidosis exists.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In-Text Figure Based Questions -In which body fluid do the phosphate and protein buffer systems help regulate the pH? (Figure 27-10)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a lean adult male, the body consists of about ________ percent water.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The typical value of water losses and gains each day is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Severe kidney damage, such as glomerulonephritis, often leads to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Administration of a medication in the elderly can result in a much higher dosage than the clinician might intend because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Excess hydrogen ion is eliminated from the body largely by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The two major subdivisions of the ECF are the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The maintenance of normal volume and composition of extracellular and intracellular fluids is vital to life.List and briefly describe the kinds of homeostasis involved.

Correct AnswerverifiedThree types of homeostasis are involved:...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following statements is false regarding fluid and electrolyte balance?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In clinical estimates, of total body water is in the ICF and in the ECF.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Three types of homeostasis are involved:...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified