Question 1

Figure 9.3 
-What is the purpose of beta oxidation in respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxidation of glucose
B)  oxidation of pyruvate
C)  feedback regulation
D)  control of ATP accumulation
E)  breakdown of fatty acidsF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 2

Figure 9.3 
-Which of the following is a True distinction between fermentation and cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only respiration oxidizes glucose.
B)  NADH is oxidized by the electron transport chain in respiration only.
C)  Fermentation, but not respiration, is an example of a catabolic pathway.
D)  Substrate-level phosphorylation is unique to fermentation.
E)  NAD⁺ functions as an oxidizing agent only in respiration.F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 3

Figure 9.3 
-Most CO₂ from catabolism is released during

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis.
B)  the citric acid cycle.
C)  lactate fermentation.
D)  electron transport.
E)  oxidative phosphorylation.F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

Question 4

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions.
 
-Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of two molecules of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  2
B)  4
C)  15
D)  38
E)  76F) All of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 5

Why are carbohydrates and fats considered high energy foods?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have a lot of oxygen atoms.
B)  They have no nitrogen in their makeup.
C)  They can have very long carbon skeletons.
D)  They have a lot of electrons associated with hydrogen.
E)  They are easily reduced.F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 6

Figure 9.3 
-One function of both alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation is to

Accepted Answer

A)  reduce NAD⁺ to NADH.
B)  reduce FAD⁺ to FADH₂.
C)  oxidize NADH to NAD⁺.
D)  reduce FADH₂ to FAD⁺.
E)  none of the aboveF) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 7

Figure 9.3 
-In alcohol fermentation, NAD⁺ is regenerated from NADH during which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  reduction of acetaldehyde to ethanol (ethyl alcohol) 
B)  oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
C)  reduction of pyruvate to form lactate
D)  oxidation of NAD⁺ in the citric acid cycle
E)  phosphorylation of ADP to form ATPF) None of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 8

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions.
 
-In chemiosmotic phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + Pi to ATP?

Accepted Answer

A)  energy released as electrons flow through the electron transport system
B)  energy released from substrate-level phosphorylation
C)  energy released from ATP synthase pumping hydrogen ions from the mitochondrial matrix
D)  energy released from movement of protons through ATP synthase
E)  No external source of energy is required because the reaction is exergonic.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 9

An electron loses potential energy when it

Accepted Answer

A)  shifts to a less electronegative atom.
B)  shifts to a more electronegative atom.
C)  increases its kinetic energy.
D)  increases its activity as an oxidizing agent.
E)  attaches itself to NAD⁺.F) All of the above
G) A) and D)

Question 10

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions.
 
-How many reduced dinucleotides would be produced with four turns of the citric acid cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 FADH₂ and 4 NADH
B)  2 FADH₂ and 8 NADH
C)  4 FADH₂ and 12 NADH
D)  1 FAD and 4 NAD⁺
E)  4 FAD⁺ and 12 NAD⁺F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 11

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions.
 
-Each time a molecule of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) is completely oxidized via aerobic respiration, how many oxygen molecules (O₂) are required?

Accepted Answer

A)  1
B)  2
C)  6
D)  12
E)  38F) A) and D)
G) D) and E)

Question 12

When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction, the molecule becomes

Accepted Answer

A)  dehydrogenated.
B)  hydrogenated.
C)  oxidized.
D)  reduced.
E)  an oxidizing agent.F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 13

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions.
 
-For each molecule of glucose that is metabolized by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, what is the total number of NADH + FADH₂ molecules produced?

Accepted Answer

A)  4
B)  5
C)  6
D)  10
E)  12F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 14

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions.
 
-Recall that the complete oxidation of a mole of glucose releases 686 kcal of energy (ΔG = -686 kcal/mol) . The phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP stores approximately 7.3 kcal per mole of ATP. What is the approximate efficiency of cellular respiration for a "mutant" organism that produces only 29 moles of ATP for every mole of glucose oxidized, rather than the usual 36-38 moles of ATP?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.4%
B)  25%
C)  30%
D)  40%
E)  60%F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 15

Use the following to answer the following questions.
Exposing inner mitochondrial membranes to ultrasonic vibrations will disrupt the membranes. However, the fragments will reseal "inside out." These little vesicles that result can still transfer electrons from NADH to oxygen and synthesize ATP. If the membranes are agitated still further however, the ability to synthesize ATP is lost.
-After the second agitation of the membrane vesicles, what must be lost from the membrane?

Accepted Answer

A)  the ability of NADH to transfer electrons to the first acceptor in the electron transport chain
B)  the prosthetic groups like heme from the transport system
C)  cytochromes
D)  ATP synthase, in whole or in part
E)  the contact required between inner and outer membrane surfacesF) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 16

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions.
 
-Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis and the oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
B)  oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA and the citric acid cycle
C)  the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
D)  oxidative phosphorylation and fermentation
E)  fermentation and glycolysisF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 17

Use the following information to answer the next questions.
In the presence of oxygen, the three-carbon compound pyruvate can be catabolized in the citric acid cycle. First, however, the pyruvate 1)  loses a carbon, which is given off as a molecule of CO2, 2)  is oxidized to form a two-carbon compound called acetate, and 3)  is bonded to coenzyme A.
-How many carbon atoms are fed into the citric acid cycle as a result of the oxidation of one molecule of pyruvate?

Accepted Answer

A)  2
B)  4
C)  6
D)  8
E)  10F) C) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 18

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions.
 
-During aerobic respiration, which of the following directly donates electrons to the electron transport chain at the lowest energy level?

Accepted Answer

A)  NAD⁺
B)  NADH
C)  ATP
D)  ADP + Pi
E)  FADH₂F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 19

Figure 9.3 
-The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen.
B)  water.
C)  NAD⁺.
D)  pyruvate.
E)  ADP.F) A) and C)
G) All of the above

Question 20

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions.
 
-Assume a mitochondrion contains 58 NADH and 19 FADH₂. If each of the 77 dinucleotides were used, approximately how many ATP molecules could be generated as a result of oxidative phosphorylation (chemiosmosis) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  36
B)  77
C)  173
D)  212
E)  1102F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

Exam 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions. -Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of two molecules of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) in cellular respiration?

Correct Answer
verified

When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction, the molecule becomes

Correct Answer
verified

Figure 9.3 -What is the purpose of beta oxidation in respiration?

Correct Answer
verified

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions. -In chemiosmotic phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + Pi to ATP?

Correct Answer
verified

Figure 9.3 -Which of the following is a True distinction between fermentation and cellular respiration?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Figure 9.3 -The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is

Correct Answer
verified

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions. -How many reduced dinucleotides would be produced with four turns of the citric acid cycle?

Correct Answer
verified

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions. -Each time a molecule of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) is completely oxidized via aerobic respiration, how many oxygen molecules (O₂) are required?

Correct Answer
verified

Figure 9.3 -One function of both alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation is to

Correct Answer
verified

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions. -During aerobic respiration, which of the following directly donates electrons to the electron transport chain at the lowest energy level?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Why are carbohydrates and fats considered high energy foods?

Correct Answer
verified

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions. -Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration?

Correct Answer
verified

An electron loses potential energy when it

Correct Answer
verified

Figure 9.3 -Most CO₂ from catabolism is released during

Correct Answer
verified

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions. -For each molecule of glucose that is metabolized by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, what is the total number of NADH + FADH₂ molecules produced?

Correct Answer
verified

Figure 9.3 -In alcohol fermentation, NAD⁺ is regenerated from NADH during which of the following?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions. -Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of two molecules of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) in cellular respiration?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction, the molecule becomes

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Figure 9.3 -What is the purpose of beta oxidation in respiration?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions. -In chemiosmotic phosphorylation, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert ADP + Pi to ATP?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Figure 9.3 -Which of the following is a True distinction between fermentation and cellular respiration?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Figure 9.3 -The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions. -How many reduced dinucleotides would be produced with four turns of the citric acid cycle?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions. -Each time a molecule of glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) is completely oxidized via aerobic respiration, how many oxygen molecules (O₂) are required?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Figure 9.3 -One function of both alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation is to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions. -During aerobic respiration, which of the following directly donates electrons to the electron transport chain at the lowest energy level?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why are carbohydrates and fats considered high energy foods?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions. -Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is released during which of the following stages of cellular respiration?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An electron loses potential energy when it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Figure 9.3 -Most CO₂ from catabolism is released during

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Refer to Figure 9.2, showing the citric acid cycle, as a guide to answer the following questions. -For each molecule of glucose that is metabolized by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, what is the total number of NADH + FADH₂ molecules produced?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Figure 9.3 -In alcohol fermentation, NAD⁺ is regenerated from NADH during which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified