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The research findings of psychologists Kenneth and Mamie Clark were based on which of the following experiments?


A) division of subjects into two segregated groups
B) heterogeneous groups of desegregated subjects
C) presentation of black and white dolls to young children
D) model classrooms comprised of both black and white students

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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After citizens began to take action with events such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott, what reaction did the executive and legislative branches of government have in response?


A) They became more directly involved.
B) They became even less involved.
C) They seemed indifferent.
D) They urged the Court for more decisions.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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The Civil Rights Act of 1957 was the


A) first piece of Civil Rights legislation since Reconstruction.
B) lynchpin of NAACP arguments in the Brown v. Board case.
C) foundation for arguments against Southern desegregation.
D) essential basis for the protection of voting rights in the South.

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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Early efforts by women to secure their rights often centered around


A) gender.
B) education.
C) ethnicity.
D) race.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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______ Americans, those with more than one distinctive racial heritage, have been increasing in numbers according to recent census data.

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The case of Plessey v.Ferguson was important because the Supreme Court established a long-standing policy of "______."

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separate b...

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In a speech before the Republican Party Convention in 1872, ______, a former slave, abolitionist leader, and noted orator, highlighted the incompleteness of efforts on behalf of African American civil rights and the dangers many continued to face.


A) Frederick Douglass
B) Sojourner Truth
C) Harriet Tubman
D) George Washington Carver

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The Civil Rights Act of 1964 authorized the federal government to


A) withhold grants from districts that did not integrate their schools.
B) call out federal troops for states or districts that refused to desegregate.
C) place federal overseers in charge of districts that did not integrate their schools.
D) declare martial law in cities that did not comply with court ordered desegregation.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Thurgood Marshall's legal team needed the Supreme Court to ______.


A) affirm the Plessey v. Ferguson case
B) agree that "separate but equal" was legal
C) overturn only the Scott v. Sandford case
D) declare that segregation itself is unequal

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The main worry of Thurgood Marshall and his team was that the Court would find ______.


A) segregation had taken place without discrimination
B) black schools were unequal to white schools but not segregated
C) the schools in question were racially segregated but not seriously
D) no segregation or discrimination had taken place in the schools

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Ultimately, the Supreme Court's Ruling in Scott v.Sandford (Dred Scott) threatened ______.


A) the constitutionality of any state laws against slavery
B) the objectivity of any ruling dealing with the slave trade
C) the subjectivity of the Constitution's slavery clauses
D) the legality of slavery and segregation in Southern states

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Laws passed by Southern states in order to preserve segregation and prevent African American men from exercising their 15th Amendment right to vote were called ______ laws.


A) John Brown
B) antireconstruction
C) Jim Crow
D) white supremacy

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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According to Thurgood Marshall, one Mississippi registrar was asking black voters to ______.


A) identify all presidents of the United States
B) identify the three branches of U.S. government
C) cite specific Supreme Court cases
D) state "how many bubbles are in a bar of soap"

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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How many cases were included as a part of the Brown v.Board of Education case?


A) one
B) three
C) five
D) seven

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Justice Felix Frankfurter was considered to be a sharp critic of Chief Justice Vinson's refusal to be more


A) active in the protection of civil rights
B) affirmative in the quest for civil liberties
C) decisive in civil rights cases before the Court
D) defensive of the Court's separate but equal policy

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following arguments was key to the NAACP's case in Sweatt v.Painter?


A) One must look only at physical facilities when evaluating educational quality.
B) Education quality is a factor of equal access and equal opportunity.
C) One must look beyond physical facilities when evaluating educational quality.
D) Educational quality cannot be determined by equal access or equal opportunity alone.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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Describe the reaction of Southern states to the Brown v.Board decision and the actions taken by each of the three branches of government in desegregating public schools and facilities following the Brown decision.Provide specific examples in order to justify your answer.

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While states bordering the South, such a...

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Which of the following best describes the ultimate fate of the Equal Rights Amendment?


A) proposed and ratified
B) ratified but not enforced
C) proposed but not ratified
D) neither proposed nor ratified

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Describe the strategy used by Thurgood Marshall in representing the NAACP during the arguments for Brown v.Board of Education of Topeka.Include any barriers to success as well as the way in which the NAACP responded to them.

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The NAACP, represented by Thurgood Marsh...

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By 1964, 10 years after the Court's Brown ruling, what percentage of African American children attended integrated schools?


A) 3%
B) 10%
C) 50%
D) 80%

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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