A) The organization can force states to agree to a cease-fire.
B) The organization can provide international mediators to help negotiate a bargain.
C) The organization can place peacekeepers between Egypt and Israel to reduce the possibility of a surprise attack.
D) The organization can forcibly confiscate the weapons of the countries to keep them from going to war again.
E) The organization can provide a forum for a peace treaty to be discussed.
G) None of the above
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A) Small groups of actors who band together to go to war with another state.
B) Organizations that help states accumulate the weapons they need to increase their security.
C) Organizations that help collect dues to support states' combined armed forces.
D) Institutions that provide group responses to acts of aggression.
E) Institutions that help states cooperate militarily to achieve their goals.
G) A) and D)
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A) The countries where peacekeepers are stationed resent them because they have not given the United Nations permission to send troops.
B) The United Nations peacekeepers are often seen as biased toward one side in a conflict.
C) United Nations peacekeepers are often not properly trained for the battles they are expected to fight.
D) United Nations peacekeepers are lightly armed.
E) The local population views United Nations peacekeepers suspiciously because they often fire upon suspected guerillas.
G) A) and D)
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A) Japan.
B) France.
C) Germany.
D) Brazil.
E) Taiwan.
G) A) and E)
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A) An institution that promotes peace among its members.
B) An institution that helps states cooperate militarily to achieve their common security goals.
C) Organizations that assist states in increasing their weapons development.
D) An agreement between two countries to collectively monitor their elections.
E) An organization that helps promote members' common interest in ensuring peace.
G) None of the above
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A) NATO members want protection because the Soviet Union is still a possible threat.
B) NATO members still have common interests such as protection from terrorism.
C) Western European countries believe that NATO is the only reason the United States would help defend them if they were attacked.
D) The Warsaw Pact has increased its military spending and NATO has expanded in response.
E) Western European countries want NATO to protect them from a reunified and stronger Germany.
G) B) and E)
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A) Britain had refused to join any alliances before World War I.
B) Britain's intentions were unclear,which made some leaders think it might join Germany's alliance.
C) Britain clearly signaled its intention to enter the war if Germany attacked France.
D) Britain clearly signaled its intention to enter the war if Germany attacked Poland.
E) Britain's intentions were unclear,which made German leaders doubt whether Britain would enter the war.
G) D) and E)
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A) Alliances did not affect World War II.
B) Many states participated in World War II due to alliance commitments.
C) No country was willing to ally with Germany.
D) If there had been no alliance system,the war would not have happened.
E) Poland's alliance with the Soviet Union drew Russia into the war.
G) A) and E)
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A) The United States.
B) China.
C) The United Kingdom.
D) France.
E) Russia.
G) A) and B)
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A) The Soviet Union attacked Poland,prompting numerous countries,including Germany and France,to declare war on the Soviet Union.
B) Germany invaded France,attempting to defeat it quickly,before Russia could fully mobilize its troops.
C) Britain invaded Germany,and Germany's ally,Austria,came to its aid.
D) Germany invaded Poland;Britain and France declared war on Germany,and Germany invaded France.
E) Austria invaded Serbia,Russia declared war on Austria,and Germany attacked France.
G) A) and D)
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A) alliance between the United States and many European states.
B) alliance that requires members to consider an attack on any of them as an attack on all.
C) alliance created as the Cold War ended.
D) collective defense treaty.
E) alliance that formed in response to the threat posed by the Soviet Union.
G) All of the above
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A) Poland feared a German invasion once Hitler came to power.
B) The Soviet Union and Germany wanted to invade Poland and divide it between them.
C) West Germany and France decided to form a common alliance against the Soviet Union.
D) The Soviet Union became more fearful after West Germany joined NATO.
E) The United States had pledged to restore Poland after World War II and wanted to ensure its security.
G) D) and E)
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A) Powerful countries force weaker countries to join their organizations.
B) The citizens of member states push for closer relations with other similar states.
C) An alliance makes members less likely to attack each other.
D) Two or more states have a common goal of promoting peace and realize that the more states that join the organization,the more likely it is that peace will be achieved.
E) Two or more states have a common security goal and need more military support than one of them has.
G) A) and C)
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A) An alliance created after World War I by the United States,France,and Britain.
B) An alliance created by democratic nations during World War I to oppose Germany and Austria-Hungary.
C) A group of states that sought to remain neutral during the Cold War.
D) A confederation of states created after World War I to act as a world government.
E) A collective security organization created after World War I to prevent future wars.
G) D) and E)
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A) Darfur,where an estimated 400,000 ethnic Darfuris have been killed by government-sponsored militias.
B) Argentina,where the military government from 1976 to 1983 murdered up to 30,000 alleged leftist sympathizers.
C) The U.S.Civil War,in which over 600,000 Americans died.
D) The Bataan Death March,in which 6,000-11,000 soldiers died from brutal treatment and murder.
E) The war during the 1998-2003 conflict in the Congo,which caused the deaths of over 5 million people.
G) None of the above
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A) An alliance is superfluous to the bargaining model.
B) An alliance moves the bargaining range closer to the nonallied state's ideal point.
C) An alliance moves the bargaining range closer to the allied states' ideal points.
D) An alliance moves the bargaining range in an unknown direction.
E) An alliance expands the range of possible bargains.
G) A) and C)
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