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The killing of innocent civilians as a result of a military strike is known as


A) collateral damage.
B) a surgical strike.
C) an important component of deterrence.
D) the fog of war.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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In order for a threat to be convincing and provide benefits, it must be


A) mutual.
B) ignored.
C) theoretical.
D) credible.

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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During the Cold War, stability emerged from a condition in which both countries would be destroyed following a first and second strike using nuclear weapons. This situation is known as


A) proliferation.
B) mutual assured destruction (MAD) .
C) crisis stability.
D) military preponderance.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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What are some contemporary conditions among certain actors that facilitate the use of insurgency and guerilla warfare? Why do these conditions exist today?

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Some contemporary conditions among certa...

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Weapons of mass destruction (WMD) are especially effective at strengthening deterrence because they


A) are useful under any war situation.
B) increase the damage that can be inflicted on an attacker.
C) are inexpensive and easy to use.
D) even the playing field because all actors have a WMD arsenal.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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All of the following are considered low-tech weapons except


A) improvised explosive devices.
B) assault rifles.
C) precision-guided munitions.
D) grenade launchers.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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An example of a conflict in which low-tech weapons were the primary weapons that killed people is


A) World War I.
B) World War II.
C) the Vietnam War.
D) the Sudan.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Using information discussed in the text, evaluate critically the following statement: "Securing Americans from the threat of terrorism-both at home and abroad-must surely take precedence over any rights and privileges of the ordinary citizen."

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The statement that "Securing Americans f...

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A primary objective for both insurgency and guerilla warfare is to


A) defeat the enemy on the field of battle.
B) raise the costs of conflict higher than any benefit to the attacker.
C) force the intervention of the UN to end the conflict.
D) use high-tech weapons against the attacker.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Chemical and biological weapons are


A) much easier to deploy with massive effect.
B) do not have to be delivered in mass quantities to have mass effects.
C) are easily distributed.
D) are much cheaper and easier to produce than nuclear weapons.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Chemical weapons can include all of the following except


A) blistering agents.
B) riot control agents.
C) choking agents.
D) nerve agents.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Discuss the differences between defense and deterrence. Under what conditions and for what purpose would a country choose defense or deterrence?

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Defense and deterrence are both strategi...

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Which of the following do not come from the names of premodern terrorist groups?


A) Thug
B) Sycophant
C) Assassin
D) Zealot

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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What was the name of the computer worm that disrupted the control software in Iranian centrifuges in 2010?


A) Flame
B) PyroWorm
C) Stuxnet
D) Kinderglow

E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

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The use of violence by nongovernmental actors in an effort to change government policies by creating fear of further violence is known as


A) an international war.
B) irrational violence.
C) crisis instability.
D) terrorism.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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In which of the following countries in 1994 were approximately 800,000 people killed with low-tech weapons like rifles, machetes, and other improvised weapons?


A) Rwanda
B) Sudan
C) Ethiopia
D) Afghanistan

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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What was Winston Churchill referring to when he said "the sturdy child of nuclear terror"?


A) Nuclear weapons
B) Mutually assured destruction
C) Second strike capability
D) The Cold War

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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In order to demonstrate credibility in making a threat against another country, a country must have two characteristics. They are


A) willingness and capability to carry out the threat.
B) strong rhetoric and political will.
C) military power and purpose.
D) hope and optimism.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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The risk that developed during the Cold War in which the existence of nuclear weapons would serve as an incentive to strike first is referred to as


A) crisis stability.
B) nuclear deterrence.
C) nuclear defense.
D) security dilemma.

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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For crisis stability to have its desired effect, the most important condition is to maintain a


A) secure second-strike capability.
B) preponderance of nuclear weapons on one side.
C) high level of uncertainty as to the number of nuclear weapons controlled by the other country.
D) degree of irrationality among the leadership.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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