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Exam 45: Community Ecology

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Question 1

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What is the most accurate statement about temporal variation of plant biomass of a community?

A) It increases as species diversity increases.
B) It increases as species richness increases.
C) It decreases as species diversity increases.
D) It decreases as species richness decreases.
E) It does not correlate with species richness or diversity.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Question 2

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Support for the succession mechanism of tolerance is found in research on plant communities that shows

A) that plants release toxins that prevent other species from establishing.
B) succession is random and cannot be predicted by existing species.
C) climax communities rarely form.
D) succession is determined largely by species that exist in the ground as seeds or old roots.
E) competition-tolerant species colonize first.

F) C) and D)
G) C) and E)

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Question 3

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Species turnover on islands has been observed to be low.What does this suggest about succession on islands?

The species-productivity hypothesis predicts that there would be more species per unit area in the southwestern U.S.than in the Amazon rainforest.

You decide to volunteer at a community garden and are assigned to tend six equally sized vegetable beds.Three of the beds contain only tomato plants,while the other three contain tomatoes as well as snow peas,bell peppers,cucumbers,okra,and broccoli.You work hard all summer and fall,tending the plants through insect outbreaks and severe summer storms with wind and hail.You harvest vegetables every three days and start to notice a pattern.The mixed vegetable plots consistently produce 4 pecks (a unit of dry goods measurement) each at every harvest,while the 'tomato only' plots produce between 1-6 pecks each at every harvest.The garden director notices the pattern as well,and knowing you are a biology student,she asks you for an explanation.What concept or hypothesis do you cite in your response?

In island biogeography,larger islands support ______ species than smaller islands.

The moraines left when glaciers retreat are characterized by

In MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeography model,species richness is a balance between

Alders are trees with symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria in their roots.This enables alders to be a key part of _________ in recently glaciated areas in Alaska.

Extinction rates on islands are predicted,based on island biogeography,to be lowest

How are species-area relationships traditionally plotted?

Simberloff and Wilson carried out a famous experiment to study the recolonization by arthropods of small mangrove by islands after the islands were fumigated.One of their findings was

A forest community consists of not only the trees and shrubs,but also the animals and microorganisms.

If you (incorrectly) proposed that tundra,the world's largest land biome,contains high species richness,your proposal would be consistent with the

No matter what model is used to show community succession,the final stage is always

Predict the rank order of the following locations from lowest species richness to highest species richness,using the latitudinal gradient of species richness to form your prediction: Temperate forest in North Carolina,steppe in Patagonia (southern tip of South America) ,rainforest in Costa Rica,boreal forest in Ontario (east-central Canada)

Calculate the Shannon diversity index.Round your answers to three decimal places and separate answers with a comma and one space. $\begin{array} { c } { \text { Community } } \\\begin{array} { | c | c | c | } \hline \text { Species } & \begin{array} { l } \text { Low } \\\text { mash }\end{array} & \begin{array} { l } \text { Him } \\\text { mars }\end{array} \\\hline 1 & 19 & 7 \\\hline 2 & 26 & 6 \\\hline 3 & 15 & 82 \\\hline 4 &0 & 7 \\\hline 5 & 0 & 3 \\\hline \text { Tatal } & 60 & 95 \\\hline\end{array}\end{array}$ The Shannon diversity index for the low marsh is __.The Shannon diversity index for the high marsh is __.

Which of these types of islands is predicted to have the lowest number of species?

What is true of the Shannon diversity index? Select all that apply.

The map above shows the southwestern tip of Alaska,including the Aleutian Islands.True or False: According to MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeography model,Kodiak Island would have more species than Kiska.