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Exam 13: Equality and Discrimination

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Question 1

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Arguments for affirmative action based on reasons of compensatory justice must show that compensation to members of certain groups is justified.

A) True
B) False

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Question 2

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According to the principle of equality, in order to treat people differently in ways that deny them significant social benefits one need only show that there are real differences between them.

A) True
B) False

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Question 3

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According to the principle of equality, a society that preferred women for the respected and highly paid position of financial advisor would be justified in doing so if it could be proven that women by nature were more talented in such matters than men.

All of the following are examples of types of affirmative action except:

Label the following examples of arguments regarding Preferential Treatment as appealing to considerations of Justice (J), or to Consequentialist considerations (C) We ought to realize that if we continue with programs of preferential treatment there will likely be a white male backlash and this will make it even more difficult to achieve racial or sexual equality.

"It is unjust to treat people differently in ways that deny to some of them significant social benefits unless we can show that there is a difference between them that is relevant to the differential treatment." This quote supports the principle of

What was the significance of the Bakke decision and the University of Michigan cases?

There are still wide disparities in employment statistics between whites and Blacks in the U.S.

When giving a consequentialist argument for affirmative action one need show only that these programs can have good consequences.

The U.S. Supreme Court concluded in the Bakke decision that consideration of race in school admissions was unconstitutional.

Biases may be unconscious.

Label the following examples of arguments regarding Preferential Treatment as appealing to considerations of Justice (J), or to Consequentialist considerations (C) By using race or sex to favor some groups we are using an irrelevant characteristic and this is not right.

According to the principle of equality, it is unjust to treat people differently in ways that deny them significant social benefits unless which of the following is demonstrated?

Label the following examples of arguments regarding Preferential Treatment as appealing to considerations of Justice (J), or to Consequentialist considerations (C) Simply trying to get rid of overt unjust discrimination has not had the desired effect of bringing certain groups into the mainstream, and thus more drastic measures are necessary.

Slavery was prohibited by the Nineteenth Amendment of the U. S. Constitution.

Critics of racialism generally agree that race is

Which amendment to the US Constitution gave black women the right to vote?

Which of the following objections to affirmative action programs is raised by consequentialist critics?

The principle of equality is a nonconsequentialist moral principle.

Explain the distinctions and relationships between the terms 'prejudice,' 'racism,' and 'structural racism.'