Question 1

According to the _____ theory, a given US can support only so much conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A)   Rescorla-Wagner
B)   opponent process
C)   preparatory-response
D)   compensatory-responseE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Sigmund Freud overcame his fear of heights using a process similar to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   systematic desensitization
B)   flooding
C)   covert sensitization
D)   counterconditioningE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 3

According to Freud's notions of psychic energy, the investment of more energy in the id (the instinctual component of personality)  means that less energy is available for the ego (the rational component of personality) . This model is analogous to the _____ theory of classical conditioning.

Accepted Answer

A)   preparatory-response
B)   stimulus-substitution
C)   Rescorla-Wagner
D)   Rescorla-EplingE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

According to Pavlov's stimulus-substitution theory, the _____ acts as a substitute for the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   CS; NS
B)   CS; US
C)   US; CS
D)   NS; USE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

Valentine (1930)  was unable to replicate Watson and Rayner's results when he attempted to condition his little daughter to become fearful of some inanimate objects. This provided some of the earliest evidence for the importance of _____ in phobic development.

Accepted Answer

A)   selective sensitization
B)   incubation
C)   observational learning
D)   preparednessE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

Which of the following processes leads to the aggravation of previously mild fears?

Accepted Answer

A)   Incubation
B)   US revaluation
C)   Selective sensitization
D)   All of these are correct.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Tammy used to love horror movies. One night, while watching her favorite horror movie, she became unusually fearful. Since then, she has found that whenever she is feeling stressed at work, she has nightmares of being chased by dead people. Which of the following processes explains Tammy's behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   US revaluation
B)   Flooding
C)   Selective sensitization
D)   Semantic recoveryE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 8

In order to overcome her addiction to hamburgers, Sheila imagines that the meat contains ground cockroaches. Which of the following therapeutic techniques does Sheila employ?

Accepted Answer

A)   Flooding
B)   Covert sensitization
C)   Desensitization
D)   Contact desensitizationE) B) and D)
F) A) and C) B

Question 9

Define flooding therapy. What is the underlying process in flooding? Differentiate between imaginal and in vivo flooding.

Accepted Answer

Flooding therapy is a type of exposure therapy used to treat anxiety disorders, phobias, and PTSD. It involves exposing the individual to their feared object or situation in a prolonged and intense manner until their anxiety decreases. The underlying process in flooding is based on the principle of extinction, where the individual's fear response is gradually reduced as they are repeatedly exposed to the feared stimulus without the expected negative consequences.

There are two main types of flooding therapy: imaginal and in vivo flooding. Imaginal flooding involves the individual vividly imagining the feared object or situation in a safe and controlled environment, while in vivo flooding involves direct exposure to the actual feared object or situation in real life. Both types of flooding aim to provoke the fear response in a controlled setting, allowing the individual to confront and eventually overcome their fears.

In summary, flooding therapy is a form of exposure therapy that aims to reduce anxiety by exposing individuals to their feared objects or situations. The underlying process in flooding is based on extinction, where repeated exposure leads to a decrease in the fear response. Imaginal and in vivo flooding are two different approaches to this therapy, with one involving imagined exposure and the other involving real-life exposure.

Question 10

An aversive blast of air has a maximum associative value of 15 units. A compound stimulus consisting of a click and a scent is repeatedly paired with the puff of air, until the maximum conditioning has been reached. The scent acquires 13 units of associative value. This means that the click must have acquired _____ units of associative value which is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   13; overshadowing
B)   2; blocking
C)   2; overshadowing
D)   13; blockingE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 11

Through the process of _____, a person's reactivity to a potentially fearful stimulus could increase following exposure to an unrelated stressful event.

Accepted Answer

A)   US revaluation
B)   incubation
C)   selective sensitization
D)   preparednessE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 12

According to the Rescorla-Wagner theory of conditioning, blocking occurs because

Accepted Answer

A)   the US has already taken up most of the available associative strength.
B)   familiar stimuli are more difficult to condition.
C)   the CS gathers more associative strength than the US.
D)   one CS has already taken up the maximum associative value.E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 13

Don was equally attracted to Sasha and Dominique, whom he dated separately. Over time, he learned to become very aroused by Sasha's style of dress and by Dominique's perfume. Later, he struck up a relationship with Marnie, who dressed like Sasha and wore the same perfume as Dominique. According to the Rescorla-Wagner theory, the amount of arousal Don experiences from the perfume alone will most likely _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   increase
B)   decrease
C)   remain the same
D)   fluctuateE) A) and B)
F) B) and C) B

Question 14

Which of the following theories of conditioning is proved by the classical conditioning of compensatory responses?

Accepted Answer

A)   The R-S theory
B)   The S-R theory
C)   The stimulus-substitution theory
D)   The preparatory-response theoryE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 15

Lothar's job has recently become quite stressful. He notices that he is also developing a fear of driving during rush hours. Lothar's behavior is best described as an example of _________.

Accepted Answer

selective ...

Question 16

The procedure of _____ is also called contact desensitization.

Accepted Answer

A)   participant modeling
B)   nonparticipatory modeling
C)   counterconditioning
D)   covert conditioningE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

A click and a scent are each separately paired with a shock and conditioned to a maximum associative value. The click and scent are then combined into a compound stimulus and subjected to further pairings with the same shock. A likely result is that the associative value of one CS will _____ and the associative value of the other CS will _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   decrease; increase
B)   decrease; also decrease
C)   remain unchanged; remain unchanged
D)   increase; also increaseE) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 18

According to the stimulus-substitution model of conditioning, the CS should elicit

Accepted Answer

A)   a response that is different from the UR.
B)   a response that is identical to the US.
C)   a response that is highly similar to the UR.
D)   a response that is somehow related to the NS.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 19

In keeping with the _____ model of conditioning, many drug fatalities occur when a person injects a normal dosage of the drug in a(n)  _____ environment.

Accepted Answer

A)   S-S; familiar
B)   compensatory-response; unfamiliar
C)   compensatory-response; familiar
D)   S-R; unfamiliarE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 20

Given that each drink contains the same amount of alcohol and that you drink each drink at the same rate, you will most likely get drunk quickly if you are drinking a(n)  _____ drink.

Accepted Answer

A)   well-known
B)   recognizable
C)   familiar
D)   unfamiliarE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Exam 5: Classical Conditioning Underlying Processes in Classical Conditioning

According to the _____ theory, a given US can support only so much conditioning.

Correct Answer
verified

Sigmund Freud overcame his fear of heights using a process similar to _____.

Correct Answer
verified

According to Freud's notions of psychic energy, the investment of more energy in the id (the instinctual component of personality) means that less energy is available for the ego (the rational component of personality) . This model is analogous to the _____ theory of classical conditioning.

Correct Answer
verified

According to Pavlov's stimulus-substitution theory, the _ acts as a substitute for the _.

Correct Answer
verified

Valentine (1930) was unable to replicate Watson and Rayner's results when he attempted to condition his little daughter to become fearful of some inanimate objects. This provided some of the earliest evidence for the importance of _____ in phobic development.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following processes leads to the aggravation of previously mild fears?

Correct Answer
verified

Tammy used to love horror movies. One night, while watching her favorite horror movie, she became unusually fearful. Since then, she has found that whenever she is feeling stressed at work, she has nightmares of being chased by dead people. Which of the following processes explains Tammy's behavior?

Correct Answer
verified

In order to overcome her addiction to hamburgers, Sheila imagines that the meat contains ground cockroaches. Which of the following therapeutic techniques does Sheila employ?

Correct Answer
verified
B

Define flooding therapy. What is the underlying process in flooding? Differentiate between imaginal and in vivo flooding.

Correct Answer
verified

Through the process of _____, a person's reactivity to a potentially fearful stimulus could increase following exposure to an unrelated stressful event.

Correct Answer
verified

According to the Rescorla-Wagner theory of conditioning, blocking occurs because

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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B

Which of the following theories of conditioning is proved by the classical conditioning of compensatory responses?

Correct Answer
verified

Lothar's job has recently become quite stressful. He notices that he is also developing a fear of driving during rush hours. Lothar's behavior is best described as an example of _________.

Correct Answer
verified
selective ...
View Answer

The procedure of _____ is also called contact desensitization.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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According to the stimulus-substitution model of conditioning, the CS should elicit

Correct Answer
verified

In keeping with the _ model of conditioning, many drug fatalities occur when a person injects a normal dosage of the drug in a(n) _ environment.

Correct Answer
verified

Given that each drink contains the same amount of alcohol and that you drink each drink at the same rate, you will most likely get drunk quickly if you are drinking a(n) _____ drink.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 5: Classical Conditioning Underlying Processes in Classical Conditioning

According to the _____ theory, a given US can support only so much conditioning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sigmund Freud overcame his fear of heights using a process similar to _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Freud's notions of psychic energy, the investment of more energy in the id (the instinctual component of personality) means that less energy is available for the ego (the rational component of personality) . This model is analogous to the _____ theory of classical conditioning.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Pavlov's stimulus-substitution theory, the _____ acts as a substitute for the _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Valentine (1930) was unable to replicate Watson and Rayner's results when he attempted to condition his little daughter to become fearful of some inanimate objects. This provided some of the earliest evidence for the importance of _____ in phobic development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following processes leads to the aggravation of previously mild fears?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In order to overcome her addiction to hamburgers, Sheila imagines that the meat contains ground cockroaches. Which of the following therapeutic techniques does Sheila employ?

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Define flooding therapy. What is the underlying process in flooding? Differentiate between imaginal and in vivo flooding.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Through the process of _____, a person's reactivity to a potentially fearful stimulus could increase following exposure to an unrelated stressful event.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the Rescorla-Wagner theory of conditioning, blocking occurs because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Which of the following theories of conditioning is proved by the classical conditioning of compensatory responses?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Lothar's job has recently become quite stressful. He notices that he is also developing a fear of driving during rush hours. Lothar's behavior is best described as an example of _________.

Correct Answerverifiedselective ...View AnswerShow Answer

The procedure of _____ is also called contact desensitization.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the stimulus-substitution model of conditioning, the CS should elicit

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In keeping with the _____ model of conditioning, many drug fatalities occur when a person injects a normal dosage of the drug in a(n) _____ environment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Given that each drink contains the same amount of alcohol and that you drink each drink at the same rate, you will most likely get drunk quickly if you are drinking a(n) _____ drink.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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According to Pavlov's stimulus-substitution theory, the _ acts as a substitute for the _.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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B

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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B

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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selective ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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In keeping with the _ model of conditioning, many drug fatalities occur when a person injects a normal dosage of the drug in a(n) _ environment.

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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