Question 1

Considering evidence gained by experimental behavior analysis, introducing spanking at a low intensity and gradually increasing intensity:

Accepted Answer

A)   Is an effective approach to reducing the problem behavior
B)   Eventually creates a situation where an unreasonable intensity is necessary
C)   Is more effective than maintaining a single intensity
D)   Is not as effective as maintaining a low intensityE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Which of the following behavioral principles is most likely the explanation for why it is difficult to keep people taking preventative medicines?

Accepted Answer

A)   Learned helplessness
B)   Negative punishment
C)   Nondiscriminated avoidance
D)   Signaled avoidanceE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 3

Francine is disruptive to the class by talking to the students around her. The classroom teacher asks Francine to move to the far corner of the classroom, away from other students. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   Social exclusion
B)   Overcorrection
C)   Exclusion timeout
D)   Non-exclusionary timeoutE) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 4

Contingencies of punishment:

Accepted Answer

A)   Do not teach or correct behavior
B)   Encourage production of low-rate behavior
C)   Are more effective than reinforcement
D)   Teach correct ways to behaveE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 5

When an aversive consequence is delivered to an individual, one possible side effect is that they retaliate in an aggressive manner toward the individual. This type of retaliatory behavior is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)   Reflexive aggression
B)   Operant aggression
C)   Learned helplessness
D)   Social disruptionE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 6

With regards to epigenetic influences on fear conditioning, HAT enzymes have been found to:

Accepted Answer

A)   Regulate the speed of fear conditioning
B)   Regulate the speed of extinction of fear conditioning
C)   Regulate long-term remembering of fear conditioning
D)   Regulate the aversiveness of fear conditioningE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 7

Berton and colleagues (2006)  found that the regulation of avoidance behavior in mice confronted by an aversive social target requires BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor)  from the:

Accepted Answer

A)   Nucleus accumbens (NAc) 
B)   Ventral tegmental area (VT
A)  
C)   Amygdala (AMY) 
D)   Medial prefrontal cortex (MP
C)  E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

Giving an organism another way to obtain reinforcement will:

Accepted Answer

A)   Make punishment more effective
B)   Make punishment less effective
C)   Have no effect on punishment
D)   Will not be compatible with a schedule of punishmentE) B) and D)
F) A) and B) A

Question 9

With regard to respondent aggression, Ulrich and Azrin (1962)  found that the probability of attack for any single shock:

Accepted Answer

A)   Decreased as the number of shocks went up
B)   Increased then decreased as the number of shocks went up
C)   Remained constant as the number of shocks went up
D)   Increased as the number of shocks went upE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 10

Which of the following learning situations would most likely result in the fastest acquisition of avoidance behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   Rats required to jump up on a platform to avoid a shock
B)   Pigeons required to run down an alley to avoid an electric shock
C)   Rats required to press and release a lever to avoid a shock
D)   Pigeons required to peck a key to avoid an electric shockE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 11

All of the following are limitations to the use of retrospective studies for understanding the relation between childhood physical punishment and adult psychiatric conditions, except:

Accepted Answer

A)   These studies require recall of past events
B)   The phrasing of the questions may influence recall
C)   This study design does not allow for inferences of causality
D)   The study design requires finding people from abusive families with adult psychiatric conditionsE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

The procedure of nondiscriminative avoidance is also called _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   Sidman avoidance
B)   Signaled avoidance
C)   Sensory aversion
D)   Steven's aversionE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 13

Skinner (1953)  reported a game played by sailors in the 18th century. The game involved:

Accepted Answer

A)   Each boy was told to hit another boy when he was hit
B)   A slight tap on one boy
C)   Tying several boys in a ring
D)   All of theseE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 14

Drugs that block histone deacetylation (HDAC)  have been shown to:

Accepted Answer

A)   Increase retention of CS-tone relationships in fear conditioning
B)   Increase freezing (fear)  in fear-conditioning contexts
C)   Decrease retention in fear-conditioning contexts
D)   Decrease freezing (fear)  in fear-conditioning contextsE) B) and C)
F) B) and D) B

Question 15

If an organism emits an alternate behavior, that behavior can be seen as a(n)  ____ if it occurs during punishment, and a(n)  ____ if it prevents punishment.

Accepted Answer

A)   Respondent behavior; operant behavior
B)   Avoidance behavior; escape behavior
C)   Operant behavior; respondent behavior
D)   Escape behavior; avoidance behaviorE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 16

As you are walking to class, you hear a classmate yell, "Give me my water, you stupid vending machine!" This is most likely:

Accepted Answer

A)   An extinction burst
B)   Extinction-induced aggression
C)   Reflexive aggression
D)   Due to response costE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Which of the following environmental changes most influences responding during a timeout from avoidance procedure?

Accepted Answer

A)   The stimulus change signaling the onset of the timeout period
B)   The reduction in overall frequency of the aversive event
C)   The reduction in response effort during the timeout period
D)   The increased availability of food during the timeout periodE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 18

The time between shocks or the ______ interval and the time away from shocks produced by responses or the _____ interval are two aspects of escape and avoidance.

Accepted Answer

A)   Aversive; postponement
B)   Shocking; responding
C)   Shock-shock; response-shock
D)   Temporal shock; response timeE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 19

Recent neural studies suggest that learned helplessness techniques may contribute to depression by:

Accepted Answer

A)   Increasing inhibitory synaptic responses in the LHb
B)   Decreasing inhibitory synaptic responses in the LHb
C)   Increasing excitatory synaptic responses in the LHb
D)   Decreasing excitatory synaptic responses in the LHbE) B) and D)
F) None of the above C

Question 20

In terms of operant-respondent interactions, persistence, and avoidance:

Accepted Answer

A)   Operant avoidance prevents respondent extinction
B)   Operant avoidance interacts with respondent aggression
C)   Operant avoidance competes with respondent avoidance
D)   Operant avoidance sets the occasion for respondent aversionE) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

Exam 6: Aversive Control of Behavior

Considering evidence gained by experimental behavior analysis, introducing spanking at a low intensity and gradually increasing intensity:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following behavioral principles is most likely the explanation for why it is difficult to keep people taking preventative medicines?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Francine is disruptive to the class by talking to the students around her. The classroom teacher asks Francine to move to the far corner of the classroom, away from other students. This is an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Contingencies of punishment:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When an aversive consequence is delivered to an individual, one possible side effect is that they retaliate in an aggressive manner toward the individual. This type of retaliatory behavior is known as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

With regards to epigenetic influences on fear conditioning, HAT enzymes have been found to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Berton and colleagues (2006) found that the regulation of avoidance behavior in mice confronted by an aversive social target requires BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) from the:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Giving an organism another way to obtain reinforcement will:

Correct AnswerverifiedA

With regard to respondent aggression, Ulrich and Azrin (1962) found that the probability of attack for any single shock:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following learning situations would most likely result in the fastest acquisition of avoidance behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are limitations to the use of retrospective studies for understanding the relation between childhood physical punishment and adult psychiatric conditions, except:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The procedure of nondiscriminative avoidance is also called _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Skinner (1953) reported a game played by sailors in the 18th century. The game involved:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Drugs that block histone deacetylation (HDAC) have been shown to:

Correct AnswerverifiedB

If an organism emits an alternate behavior, that behavior can be seen as a(n) ____ if it occurs during punishment, and a(n) ____ if it prevents punishment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As you are walking to class, you hear a classmate yell, "Give me my water, you stupid vending machine!" This is most likely:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following environmental changes most influences responding during a timeout from avoidance procedure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The time between shocks or the ______ interval and the time away from shocks produced by responses or the _____ interval are two aspects of escape and avoidance.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Recent neural studies suggest that learned helplessness techniques may contribute to depression by:

Correct AnswerverifiedC

In terms of operant-respondent interactions, persistence, and avoidance:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A

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B

If an organism emits an alternate behavior, that behavior can be seen as a(n) if it occurs during punishment, and a(n) if it prevents punishment.

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The time between shocks or the __ interval and the time away from shocks produced by responses or the _ interval are two aspects of escape and avoidance.

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C

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