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Exam 1: Introductionand Research Methods

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Question 81

Multiple Choice

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Which statement best characterizes the evolutionary perspective of psychology?

A) Human behavior is best understood in terms of the individual capacity for growth, free will, and self-direction.
B) To fully understand human behavior, you must understand how behavior varies among different cultures.
C) Psychological processes are influenced by natural selection.
D) As medical and technological advances have evolved, the biological basis of behavior should be the primary focus of contemporary psychology.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Question 82

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According to proponents of evolutionary psychology,psychological processes that helped individuals adapt to their environment also helped them to survive, reproduce, and passon those psychological mechanisms to their offspring.

A) True
B) False

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Question 83

Multiple Choice

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One of the pie charts presented in Chapter 1 listed the primary employment settings for psychologists. What was the most common employment setting for psychologists?

Which of the following was the first "school"of thought orapproach in psychology?

Physiology is sometimes referred to as the "third force" in American psychology.

Cognitive psychologists did not agree with the behaviora lperspective in psychology because cognitive psychologists thought that it was important to investigate how mental processes influence behavior.

The participants assigned to the control group or condition inCrum and Langer's hotel experiment were led to believe that housekeeping work was unhealthy and contributed to health problems.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) :

Professor Lewis studies the history of psychology. She wouldmost likely agree with which of the following statements aboutpsychology's early history?

Of the nearly 6,000 people who participated in the National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior (NSSHB), which is asurvey on sexual behaviors, each was randomly selected fromthe entire U.S. population.

Nonhuman animal participants are used in the vast majority of psychological studies conducted each year in this country.

Your therapist is very interested in your dreams, blockedmemories, and slips of the tongue. On which approach topsychology is your therapist probably basing his psychotherapy?

In their survey of how much time young people spent playing video games, psychologists Craig Anderson and Karen Dill used random selection to create a representative sample of American youth.

Several correlational studies all point to the same basic conclusion: the more time students spend playing violent video games, the lower their grade point average tends to be. This means that low grades cause students to play violent video games.

Carl Sagan stated that "extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence."

Dr. Harmon wants to study the conditions under which some children are rejected by their peers. Daily, from the beginning of a school year, she carefully observes and records the behavior of kindergartners, first-graders, and second-gradersin the classroom and on the playground. Dr. Harmon is using:

The placebo control group is a control group in which participants are exposed to a fake independent variable, orplacebo.

The placebo effect is also called the expectancy effect.

Discovering the fundamental laws of learning through studyingobservable behavior is a focus of the _____ perspective ofpsychology.

Collectivistic cultures are cultures that stress individual goalsand achievements over the goals and achievements of the group.