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Exam 7: Microbial Nutrition and Growth

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Question 1

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The process by which a cell uses ATP to enclose a substance in its membrane, by forming a vacuole and engulfing it, is called ______.

A) facilitated diffusion
B) diffusion
C) active transport
D) endocytosis
E) osmosis

F) D) and E)
G) C) and D)

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D

Question 2

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Many lakes in the United States are suffering from periodic algae blooms, which can be thought of as an infection of the lake. Although the algae are naturally-occurring in the lake, when adjacent farm ?elds are over-fertilized with diammonium phosphate, the run-off deposits these nutrients in the lake, allowing the algae to grow without limit. Which of the following statements is incorrect regarding the overgrowth of algae?

A) The algae are heterotrophs.
B) Lakes have su?cient micronutrients for algae to grow.
C) The phosphorus in the fertilizer is in the phosphate form, the preferred phosphorus source of most microbes.
D) The carbon source for these algae is not limiting in lakes.
E) The nitrogen in the fertilizer is in the ammonium form, the preferred nitrogen source of most microbes.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Question 3

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Which compound has the highest concentration in a cell?

A microorganism that does not have catalase or superoxide dismutase would find it difficult to live in an environment with ______.

An organism that can use gaseous oxygen in metabolism and has the enzymes to process toxic oxygen products is a/an ______.

An important mineral ion that is a component of chlorophyll and serves as a stabilizer of membranes and ribosomes is ______.

Most of the dry weight of a microbial cell is from ______.

The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which the rate of multiplication equals the rate of cell death is the ______.

The production of antibiotics is a form of antagonism called ______.

Cultures of a bacterial strain were incubated in a standard incubator, in an anaerobic jar, and in a candle jar. After incubation, there was moderate growth of cultures in the candle and anaerobic jars, but heavy growth of the culture in the incubator. This species is a/an ______.

When it is important to count the number of cells, determine cell size, and differentiate between dead and live cells, a/an ______ is used.

The term obligate refers to _______.

The phase of the bacterial growth curve in which newly inoculated cells are adjusting to their new environment, metabolizing but not growing at an exponential rate, is the ______.

Following the Deepwater Horizon accident in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010, bioremediation was used to eliminate much of the oil from the contaminated water. To encourage the growth of oil-degrading microbes, "fertilizer" including iron and nitrogen was added to the water. Which of the following Statements regarding the growth of these microbes is incorrect?

The degree of turbidity in a broth culture correlates to the amount of cell growth.

An organism that grows slowly in the cold but has an optimum growth temperature of 30°C is called a/an ______.

Phosphorus is one of the major elements needed in larger quantities by microorganisms.

Diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane is called ______.

Mediated transport of polar molecules and ions across the plasma membrane utilizes a/an _____ carrier that binds to the substance and causes a conformational change to allow its movement across the membrane.

A microorganism that has an optimum growth temperature of 37°C, but can survive short exposure to high temperatures is called a/an ______.