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Exam 14: Quasi-Experimental Research Designs

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Question 21

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A researcher studies the cognitive development of a single group of children by measuring them in kindergarten, fourth grade, and seventh grade.Which type of design is being used?

A) Longitudinal
B) Cross-sectional
C) Participatory
D) Developmental

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Question 22

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An experimental design in which the dependent measure is assessed for one or more groups of individuals more than twice, at regular intervals, both before and after the experience of interest occurs is called a

A) a comparison-group design.
B) time-series design.
C) participants-variable design.
D) before-after design.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Question 23

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Which of the following is true regarding the participant-variable design?

A student gets a 99 out of 100 on her first quiz in a psychology class, but gets only a 91 on the next quiz.This is a likely example of which of the following?

A researcher tests the effects of a skills enhancement program by measuring the change in social adjustment of a group of handicapped children before and after they have completed the program against a change in adjustment over the same time period for an equivalent group of children who had not participated in any therapy.The children who went through the program showed significantly greater increase in social adjustment functioning over time.The research design is

A limitation of program evaluation research is its

A study of parenting styles across generations samples groups of participants at ages five, fifteen, and twenty at the same time.Which of the following terms best describes this design?

Buchanan, Tranel, and Kirchbaum (2009) studied three groups of participants, one of which had damage to the hippocampus, one that had similar brain damage but not to the hippocampus, and a control group of participants.The researchers assessed responses to the three groups both before and after they were exposed to stress.The hippocampus group showed a decrease in cortisol response to stress, whereas the other two groups shoed increases.Which of the following statistical tests was used to test the hypothesis?

A student who is participating in a long term research project decides to stop participating and does not inform the experimenter of his decision.This is an example of which of the following threats to validity?

An experimenter decided to test the effects of a new training program by comparing the motivation of twenty employees who had participated in the program against an equivalent group of twenty employees who had not gone through any training at all.The employees were measured when they had completed the program and it was found that those who had gone through the program had much greater on-the-job motivation than those who had not.It was concluded that the difference in motivation was due to the content of the training program.The research design is

A flight instructor notices a particularly unusual phenomenon.Every time one of her students has a particularly excellent flight, she praises them for it.And she notices that the next time the student flies, he or she ends up doing worse.On the other hand, every time one of her students has a particularly poor flight, she criticizes them, and the next time they do better.What phenomenon might the instructor be seeing?

In comparison to the single-group before-after design, the comparison-group before-after design

Threats to internal validity that occur due to the potential influence of changes in the social climate during the course of a study are called

Which of the following is least likely to be a threat to validity in a single-group before-after design?

Which of the following statements is true about quasi-experimental designs?

Longitudinal designs are to cross-sectional designs as

Which of the following could not represent a participant variable?

An experimenter is interested in the influence of taking a one-semester-long test preparation course on performance on the Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) .She contacts high school students who have and who have not taken the course and compares their scores on the SAT exam.She finds that the students who have taken the course score significantly higher on the test.Which of the following represents the principal threat to the internal validity of this experiment?

Which of the following is NOT a quasi-experimental research design?

It is most accurate to say that