Question 1

The largest source of anthropogenic greenhouse gases in the United States is .

Accepted Answer

A)   tropical deforestation
B)   transportation
C)   electricity generation
D)   agriculture
E)   nuclear power plantsF) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 2

The greenhouse effect involves warming of Earth's surface and the _.

Accepted Answer

A)   stratosphere
B)   mesosphere
C)   ionosphere
D)   thermosphere
E)   troposphereF) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 3

Carbon dioxide is _.

Accepted Answer

A)   produced during the combustion of fossil fuels
B)   the only greenhouse gas presently increasing in the atmosphere
C)   more potent (per molecule of gas)  than methane
D)   the most potent (per molecule of gas)  of the greenhouse gases
E)   the most abundant greenhouse gasF) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 4

Which of the following may result in a positive feedback mechanism that would intensify climate change?

Accepted Answer

A)   A large volcano emits huge quantities of sulfate aerosols into the atmosphere.
B)   Warmer temperatures result in the melting of permafrost.
C)   Warmer temperatures result in increased evaporation of water, leading to an increase in cloud cover.
D)   An increase in rainfall results in increased plant growth.
E)   At higher temperatures, trees increase rates of photosynthesis.F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

Question 5

Milankovitch cycles .

Accepted Answer

A)   describe upwelling and downwelling in the ocean
B)   describe the timing of the northern lights in the thermosphere
C)   are changes in Earth's rotation and orbit that may trigger climate variation
D)   refer to shifts in the temperature of surface water in the middle latitudes of the Pacific Ocean
E)   describe the transpiration, evaporation, and precipitation of Earth's waterF) A) and D)
G) A) and B) C

Question 6

All of the following are anthropogenic factors contributing to climate change EXCEPT .

Accepted Answer

A)   breathing
B)   the combustion of fossil fuels
C)   raising livestock
D)   growing rice
E)   deforestationF) C) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 7

What proportion of incoming solar radiation reaches Earth's surface?

Accepted Answer

A)   67%
B)   47%
C)   54%
D)   77%
E)   7%F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 8

One factor contributing to U.S. resistance to legal intervention regarding global climate change is .

Accepted Answer

A)   the precautionary principle
B)   lack of scientific evidence supporting global climate change
C)   lack of support from other developed nations around the world
D)   political influence of the petroleum, coal, and automobile industries
E)   the success of voluntary reductions of carbon dioxide emissions by U.S. power plantsF) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 9

The Kyoto Protocol uses the 1990 emission levels of each nation as a baseline target for greenhouse gas reductions. Which of the following countries showed the greatest increase in greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 to 2012?

Accepted Answer

A)   Australia
B)   United States
C)   Russia
D)   Japan
E)   CanadaF) D) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 10

Public transportation is _.

Accepted Answer

A)   a reliable and convenient option in most U.S. communities
B)   currently serving only 3% -4% of passenger trips in the U.S.
C)   more widely used in the United States than in Europe
D)   already declining in use in most U.S. cities.
E)   more widely used in the United States than in CanadaF) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 11

-If anthropogenic factors continue to increase, then in the future .

Accepted Answer

A)   the lines for all three models and for observed data should show marked decreases
B)   all of the lines will look more like the line for observed data
C)   the lines for all three models should show decreases while the observation line would be expected to increase
D)   the observed temperature trends shown in the figures should continue
E)   the lines for all three models should level outF) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 12

Small island nations such as the Maldives are in the international spotlight because they .

Accepted Answer

A)   opposed China's proposals for global carbon neutrality at the Copenhagen Conference in 2009
B)   have exceeded the emissions reductions set by the Kyoto Protocol
C)   are the largest emissions producers in their respective areas
D)   may be among the first nations to be completely flooded by rising sea levels
E)   are accepting climate change refugees from other nationsF) A) and B)
G) B) and C)

Question 13

Human sources of nitrous oxide in the atmosphere include all of the following EXCEPT .

Accepted Answer

A)   burning fuel wood
B)   feedlots
C)   synthetic nitrogen fertilizers
D)   automobiles
E)   chemical manufacturing plantsF) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 14

The Kyoto Protocol .

Accepted Answer

A)   increased federal funding for controlling greenhouse gas emissions from U.S. power plants
B)   required increases in nuclear power generation
C)   was intended to reduce emissions of six greenhouse gases to levels lower than those of 1990
D)   required equal concessions from all countries involved in greenhouse gas emission
E)   would have resulted in overall increases in greenhouse emissionsF) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 15

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is an international panel that .

Accepted Answer

A)   constructed the Kyoto Protocol
B)   reports on how climate change influences wildlife, ecosystems, and society
C)   performed the research included in the climate change findings
D)   could not achieve its objectives because of lack of popular support
E)   fines companies that polluteF) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 16

Which of the following is an alternative fuel that could decrease carbon dioxide emissions in the transportation sector?

Accepted Answer

A)   coal
B)   gasoline
C)   compressed natural gas
D)   nuclear fuel rods
E)   vaporized waterF) A) and B)
G) C) and E) C

Question 17

Earth's atmosphere can cause global warming because .

Accepted Answer

A)   molecules in the atmosphere trap heat radiated from Earth's surface
B)   plants release CO2
C)   fossil fuels release heat when they are burned
D)   warm air cannot escape, as in a greenhouse
E)   plants absorb CO2F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 18

In the wake of the U.S. failure to ratify the Kyoto Protocol, .

Accepted Answer

A)   U.S. cities and states are setting their own programs for reducing greenhouse gas emissions
B)   many nations have severed diplomatic relations with the United States
C)   dozens of other nations pulled out of the Protocol
D)   oil exporting nations have refused to sell to the United States
E)   the United States has shown that it is a leader in carbon emission reduction without having signed the ProtocolF) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 19

The average automobile is only about % efficient at moving itself down the road.

Accepted Answer

A)   27
B)   14
C)   62
D)   6.5
E)   85F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 20

Which of the following is an adaptation response to climate change?

Accepted Answer

A)   a Pacific island nation building higher seawalls
B)   building a nuclear power plant to replace an outdated coal -burning power plant
C)   increasing fuel efficiency of new automobiles
D)   replanting a tropical rainforest
E)   replacing incandescent light bulbs with LED bulbsF) A) and B)
G) A) and C) A

Exam 18: The Urban Environment: Creating Sustainable Cities

The largest source of anthropogenic greenhouse gases in the United States is .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The greenhouse effect involves warming of Earth's surface and the _.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carbon dioxide is _.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following may result in a positive feedback mechanism that would intensify climate change?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Milankovitch cycles .

Correct AnswerverifiedC

All of the following are anthropogenic factors contributing to climate change EXCEPT .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What proportion of incoming solar radiation reaches Earth's surface?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One factor contributing to U.S. resistance to legal intervention regarding global climate change is .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Kyoto Protocol uses the 1990 emission levels of each nation as a baseline target for greenhouse gas reductions. Which of the following countries showed the greatest increase in greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 to 2012?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Public transportation is _.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-If anthropogenic factors continue to increase, then in the future .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Small island nations such as the Maldives are in the international spotlight because they .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Human sources of nitrous oxide in the atmosphere include all of the following EXCEPT .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Kyoto Protocol .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change is an international panel that .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an alternative fuel that could decrease carbon dioxide emissions in the transportation sector?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Earth's atmosphere can cause global warming because .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the wake of the U.S. failure to ratify the Kyoto Protocol, .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The average automobile is only about % efficient at moving itself down the road.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an adaptation response to climate change?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
C

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
C

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A