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Adam is looking for a job in marketing. He has had some offers and his prospects are promising, but he has not yet accepted a job. Amanda lost her job working for Mercury Bicycles because many customers decided they prefer bicycles manufactured by Ultimate Bicycles instead. Who is frictionally unemployed?


A) Adam but not Amanda
B) Amanda but not Adam
C) both Adam and Amanda
D) neither Amanda nor Adam

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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The Wagner Act of 1935


A) prevents unions from acting as cartels.
B) allows workers joining a unionized firm to choose not to join the union.
C) prevents employers from interfering when workers try to organize a union.
D) prevents firms from hiring permanent replacements for workers who are on strike.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Table 28-11 2015 Labor Data for Tajnia Table 28-11 2015 Labor Data for Tajnia   -Refer to Table 28-11. The labor force of Tajnia in 2015 is 10,000. -Refer to Table 28-11. The labor force of Tajnia in 2015 is 10,000.

A) True
B) False

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Briefly describe how labor unions can affect wages in non-unionized industries.

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If labor unions raise wages above the eq...

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Almost nine-tenths of all spells of unemployment end when the unemployed person finds a job.

A) True
B) False

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Most spells of unemployment are long, and most unemployment observed at any given time is long-term.

A) True
B) False

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Table 28-10 The table below lists the number of people by labor force classification for the country of Springfield. Table 28-10 The table below lists the number of people by labor force classification for the country of Springfield.   -Refer to Table 28-10. Calculate the U-4 unemployment rate. -Refer to Table 28-10. Calculate the U-4 unemployment rate.

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The unemployment rate reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics clearly understates the true unemployment rate.

A) True
B) False

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The Bureau of Labor Statistics' U-2 measure of joblessness includes job losers and job leavers.

A) True
B) False

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The theory of efficiency wages provides a possible explanation as to why


A) workers form unions.
B) firms should try to reduce surpluses of labor.
C) firms may be inclined to keep their workers' wages above the equilibrium level.
D) firms may be inclined to keep their workers' wages below the equilibrium level.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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What is the theory of efficiency wages? Provide four reasons that employers might pay efficiency wages.

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According to the theory of efficiency wa...

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One explanation for long-run unemployment is that it takes time for workers to search for the jobs that are best suited for them.

A) True
B) False

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When the wage is above the equilibrium level,


A) the labor market is functioning more efficiently than it otherwise would function.
B) there is a shortage of labor.
C) the quantity of labor supplied exceeds the quantity of labor demanded.
D) job search is the primary explanation for the unemployment that is observed.

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Minimum-wage laws


A) create frictional unemployment, while firms paying wages above equilibrium to reduce worker turnover creates structural unemployment.
B) create structural unemployment, while firms paying wages above equilibrium to reduce worker turnover creates frictional unemployment.
C) and firms paying wages above equilibrium to reduce worker turnover both create structural unemployment.
D) and firms paying wages above equilibrium to reduce worker turnover both create frictional unemployment.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following is an example of an efficiency wage?


A) a high wage paid to compensate for dangerous work such as coal mining
B) an above-equilibrium wage offered by a firm to attract a more talented pool of job applicants
C) a wage below the minimum wage but supplemented by customer tips
D) a high wage paid to a college graduate for a high-skill job such as electrical engineering

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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If all workers and all jobs were the same such that all workers were equally well suited for all jobs, then job search would not be a problem.

A) True
B) False

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The demand for labor by a certain firm is independent of the demand for that firm's product.

A) True
B) False

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Within the U.S. population, teenagers (ages 16-19) have similar rates of unemployment to adults of prime working age (ages 25-54), regardless of race or gender.

A) True
B) False

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Frictional unemployment is inevitable because


A) sectoral shifts are always happening.
B) there is a federal minimum-wage law in the U.S.
C) some people do not want to be employed.
D) unions are very popular in the U.S.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

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In 2016 the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that there were 57.1 million people over age 25 whose highest level of education was some college or an associate degree. Of these, 36.4 million were employed and 1.5 million were unemployed. What were the labor-force participation rate and the unemployment rate for this group?


A) 66.4% and 2.6%
B) 66.4% and 4.0%
C) 63.7% and 2.6%
D) 63.7% and 4.0%

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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