Question 1

Virtually all amino acid-based hormones exert their signaling effects through intracellular___________.

Accepted Answer

A)   nucleotides
B)   calcium
C)   deactivating ions
D)   second messengersE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Iodine is an essential element required for the synthesis of thyroxine.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Melatonin ____________ .

Accepted Answer

A)   is responsible for regulating the sleep cycle
B)   triggers sexual maturation and puberty
C)   is produced by the parathyroid glands
D)   is at its highest levels at around noonE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 4

All anterior pituitary hormones EXCEPT growth hormone affect their target cells via a cyclic AMP
second-messenger system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Enterochromaffin-like cells of the gastric mucosa can be triggered to release histamine. Histamine, in this case, causes nearby parietal cells of the stomach lining to produce hydrochloric acid. The effect of histamine on parietal cells would best be described as a(n)  ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   second messenger
B)   exocrine
C)   paracrine
D)   autocrineE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Growth hormone solely exerts its influence by targeting other endocrine glands to produce hormones.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Glucagon and insulin both target the cells of the liver and are both made in the pancreas, yet they have very different effects on the cells they target. What accounts for this fact?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon and insulin...

Question 8

Which of the following hormones suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure?

Accepted Answer

A)   gastrin
B)   secretin
C)   aldosterone
D)   leptinE) None of the above
F) B) and C) D

Question 9

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)  ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)   increases urine production
B)   promotes dehydration
C)   secretion is inhibited by alcohol
D)   is produced by the anterior pituitaryE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 10

It was often rumored that one of our deceased presidents was suffering from Addison's disease (inadequate synthesis of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids). What symptoms may have led to the diagnosis of this condition?

Accepted Answer

Low body weight, low plasma gl...

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a typical result of a long-term stress response?

Accepted Answer

A)   loss of muscle mass
B)   decreased production of glucocorticoids
C)   impaired immune function
D)   elevated blood pressureE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 12

Enteroendocrine cells of the GI tract produce some hormones that are chemically identical to neurotransmitters.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

A person who drinks a lot of alcoholic beverages must urinate frequently. Why?

Accepted Answer

The function of ADH is to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys, producing concentrated urine. Alcohol inhibits ADH secretion, causing copious urine output.

Question 14

The major targets of growth hormone are ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the liver and gall bladder
B)   the blood vessels
C)   liver, bones, and skeletal muscles
D)   the thyroid and adrenal glandsE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 15

Mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to___________ .

Accepted Answer

A)   cortisol
B)   testosterone
C)   epinephrine
D)   estrogenE) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Question 16

John is a 26-year-old man who begins to notice a progressive enlargement of feet, hands, cranium, nose, and lower jaw bone. His doctor recommends a pituitary gland operation. What is the most likely diagnosis? Why?

Accepted Answer

The diagnosis is acromegaly. T...

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a steroid-based hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)   epinephrine
B)   aldosterone
C)   estrogen
D)   cortisolE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 18

Define synergism in hormone interaction at target cells and give an example.

Accepted Answer

Synergism occurs when more than one horm...

Question 19

Dave has discovered a new lipid-soluble hormone. Which of the following is true regarding this hormone?

Accepted Answer

A)   will likely act through a second-messenger system
B)   receptor will be located on the plasma membrane
C)   will be bound to a transport protein in the blood
D)   can be stored in secretory vesiclesE) C) and D)
F) B) and C) C

Question 20

Gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose from fats and proteins, is due to the action of ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)   cortisol
B)   insulin
C)   secretin
D)   aldosteroneE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Exam 16: The Endocrine System

Virtually all amino acid-based hormones exert their signaling effects through intracellular___________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Iodine is an essential element required for the synthesis of thyroxine.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Melatonin ____________ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All anterior pituitary hormones EXCEPT growth hormone affect their target cells via a cyclic AMP second-messenger system.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Enterochromaffin-like cells of the gastric mucosa can be triggered to release histamine. Histamine, in this case, causes nearby parietal cells of the stomach lining to produce hydrochloric acid. The effect of histamine on parietal cells would best be described as a(n) ____________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Growth hormone solely exerts its influence by targeting other endocrine glands to produce hormones.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Glucagon and insulin both target the cells of the liver and are both made in the pancreas, yet they have very different effects on the cells they target. What accounts for this fact?

Correct AnswerverifiedGlucagon and insulin...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following hormones suppresses appetite and increases energy expenditure?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) ___________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It was often rumored that one of our deceased presidents was suffering from Addison's disease (inadequate synthesis of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids). What symptoms may have led to the diagnosis of this condition?

Correct AnswerverifiedLow body weight, low plasma gl...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a typical result of a long-term stress response?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Enteroendocrine cells of the GI tract produce some hormones that are chemically identical to neurotransmitters.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A person who drinks a lot of alcoholic beverages must urinate frequently. Why?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe function of ADH is to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys, producing concentrated urine. Alcohol inhibits ADH secretion, causing copious urine output.

The major targets of growth hormone are ___________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to___________ .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

John is a 26-year-old man who begins to notice a progressive enlargement of feet, hands, cranium, nose, and lower jaw bone. His doctor recommends a pituitary gland operation. What is the most likely diagnosis? Why?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe diagnosis is acromegaly. T...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a steroid-based hormone?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Define synergism in hormone interaction at target cells and give an example.

Correct AnswerverifiedSynergism occurs when more than one horm...View AnswerShow Answer

Dave has discovered a new lipid-soluble hormone. Which of the following is true regarding this hormone?

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Gluconeogenesis, the formation of glucose from fats and proteins, is due to the action of ___________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Glucagon and insulin...
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D

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Low body weight, low plasma gl...
View Answer

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The function of ADH is to increase water reabsorption in the kidneys, producing concentrated urine. Alcohol inhibits ADH secretion, causing copious urine output.

Correct Answer
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The diagnosis is acromegaly. T...
View Answer

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Synergism occurs when more than one horm...
View Answer

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C

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