Question 1

Which of the following does NOT occur in response to baroreceptors detecting an increase in mean arterial pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased frequency of sinoatrial node action potentials
B)  decreased heart rate
C)  decreased end- diastolic volume
D)  decreased venous compliance
E)  vasoconstrictionF) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 2

Sympathetic nerves have what effect on systemic arterioles?

Accepted Answer

A)  neither vasodilation or vasoconstriction, but may cause vasospasm
B)  vasoconstriction
C)  vasospasm
D)  vasodilation
E)  vasoconstriction and vasospasmF) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 3

What is a drop in mean arterial pressure that results from standing up called?

Accepted Answer

A)  orthostatic hypotension
B)  metastatic hypotension
C)  recumbent hypotension
D)  resultant hypotension
E)  paroxysmal hypotensionF) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 4

The increase in blood flow to active skeletal muscle relative to other organs is largely caused by the

Accepted Answer

A)  decrease in metabolic factors within the muscle.
B)  increase in parasympathetic activity.
C)  decrease in parasympathetic activity.
D)  increase in sympathetic activity.
E)  increase in local metabolic factors within the muscle.F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 5

The effects of epinephrine on vascular resistance are dependent upon which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  relative distribution of alpha and beta receptors
B)  relative distribution of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors
C)  direction of change in mean arterial pressure
D)  concentration of local metabolites
E)  specific baroreceptor activated (low or high pressure) F) A) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 6

Which of the following is an important vasodilator in coronary arteries?

Accepted Answer

A)  adenosine
B)  endothelin- 1
C)  oxygen
D)  nitric oxide
E)  bradykininF) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 7

What are local controls that tend to keep blood flow constant called?

Accepted Answer

A)  extrinsic factors
B)  autonomics
C)  flow autoregulation
D)  osteogenic factors
E)  flow telemetryF) All of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 8

Local controls of blood flow can override extrinsic controls.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Due to their diameter, capillaries have the greatest individual resistance, while the arteriole networks have the greatest total resistance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

What are the two functions of increasing blood flow to the skin during exercise?

Accepted Answer

A)  fat utilization for energy production; remove water for sweat production
B)  facilitate dissipation of heat; remove water for sweat production
C)  energy reserve for underlying musculature; provide energy for sweat production
D)  facilitate dissipation of heat; energy reserve for underlying musculature
E)  facilitate dissipation of heat; provide energy for sweat productionF) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 11

Which of the following accurately compares active hyperemia to reactive hyperemia?

Accepted Answer

A)  One involves vasodilation, the other vasoconstriction.
B)  One is an increase in blood flow, the other is a decrease.
C)  One is caused by an increase in metabolites, the other to a decrease in perfusion pressure.
D)  One is caused by increased metabolic activity, the other in response to an increase in metabolites from an occlusion to blood flow.
E)  One is an intrinsic response, the other an extrinsic response.F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 12

Given that the net filtration of fluid out of the capillaries averages about 3 liters per day, how is blood volume maintained in light of this apparent fluid loss?

Accepted Answer

A)  The lymphatic system returns filtered fluid to the blood.
B)  While fluid moves out across the capillary, it tends to move inward across veins.
C)  The net filtration is equally balanced by absorption.
D)  Gravity moves the fluid to the lowest point in the body, where the fluid is absorbed.
E)  The kidneys are involved in the reabsorption of the remaining fluid.F) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 13

Intrinsic regulation of arteriolar radius regulates mean arterial pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

As mean arterial pressure changes, both short- and long- term changes are initiated that can interact with one another. Describe how a chronic hypotensive state could become life threatening.

Accepted Answer

Hypotension, a decrease in mean arterial...

Question 15

Resistance is lower in the pulmonary circuit than in the systemic circuit.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

What component of artery walls allows them to store energy that is later used to maintain continuous blood flow through the circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  smooth muscle
B)  elastin
C)  skeletal muscle
D)  collagen
E)  endotheliumF) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 17

Under normal conditions, which Starling forces favor filtration?

Accepted Answer

A)  capillary hydrostatic pressure and plasma oncotic pressure
B)  capillary hydrostatic pressure and interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
C)  capillary hydrostatic pressure and interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure
D)  interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure and interstitial fluid osmotic pressure
E)  interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure and plasma oncotic pressureF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 18

An increase in blood flow to tissues in response to increased metabolic activity is called

Accepted Answer

A)  ischemia.
B)  active hyperemia.
C)  reactive hyperemia.
D)  myogenic response.
E)  hypoxia.F) A) and D)
G) All of the above

Question 19

Increases in capillary hydrostatic pressure will lead to a(n)(increase / decrease)in the amount of fluid filtered by the capillaries.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Increases in capillary hydrostatic pressure will lead...

Question 20

The lumen of every blood vessel is lined by a monolayer of what cell type?

Accepted Answer

A)  erythrocytes
B)  fibroblasts
C)  smooth muscle cells
D)  endothelial cells
E)  plateletsF) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Exam 14: The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels, Blood Flow, and Blood Pressure

Increases in capillary hydrostatic pressure will lead to a(n)(increase / decrease)in the amount of fluid filtered by the capillaries.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is a drop in mean arterial pressure that results from standing up called?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The effects of epinephrine on vascular resistance are dependent upon which of the following?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Due to their diameter, capillaries have the greatest individual resistance, while the arteriole networks have the greatest total resistance.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The increase in blood flow to active skeletal muscle relative to other organs is largely caused by the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following accurately compares active hyperemia to reactive hyperemia?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Local controls of blood flow can override extrinsic controls.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An increase in blood flow to tissues in response to increased metabolic activity is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The lumen of every blood vessel is lined by a monolayer of what cell type?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As mean arterial pressure changes, both short- and long- term changes are initiated that can interact with one another. Describe how a chronic hypotensive state could become life threatening.

Correct AnswerverifiedHypotension, a decrease in mean arterial...View AnswerShow Answer

Intrinsic regulation of arteriolar radius regulates mean arterial pressure.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the two functions of increasing blood flow to the skin during exercise?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What component of artery walls allows them to store energy that is later used to maintain continuous blood flow through the circulatory system?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sympathetic nerves have what effect on systemic arterioles?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Given that the net filtration of fluid out of the capillaries averages about 3 liters per day, how is blood volume maintained in light of this apparent fluid loss?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an important vasodilator in coronary arteries?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Resistance is lower in the pulmonary circuit than in the systemic circuit.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are local controls that tend to keep blood flow constant called?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Under normal conditions, which Starling forces favor filtration?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following does NOT occur in response to baroreceptors detecting an increase in mean arterial pressure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Hypotension, a decrease in mean arterial...
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