Question 1

A fire devastates all trees in a wide swath of forest. Populations of a species of tree-dwelling frog on either side of the burned area diverge to become separate species. This is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

allopatric...

Question 2

The poison warfarin was once the most popular form of rat control. Eventually warfarin-resistant rat populations emerged so people stopped using warfarin for rat control. Since then, the frequency of warfarin-resistant rats has once again declined. What may be the reason for this?

Accepted Answer

Since warfarin is not used as a form of ...

Question 3

Match each description with the most appropriate term.
-quantifiable, heritable characteristic or trait

Accepted Answer

A)  character
B)  derived trait
C)  clade
D)  phylogeny
E)  sister groupsF) cladogramG) B) and D)
H) A) and B)

Question 4

What accounts for the fact that polydactylism is prevalent and Tay-Sachs disease is virtually absent in one human population in the United States, while Tay-Sachs disease is prevalent and polydactylism is virtually absent in another?

Accepted Answer

A)  Natural selection has promoted these differences since humans live in many different environments.
B)  Mutation rates differ among different loci.
C)  There is little gene flow between the two populations.
D)  The populations are small, and therefore genetic drift is a major factor in the determination of allele frequencies.
E)  The alleles are fixed in these populations.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 5

Males are often more colorful, larger, and more aggressive than females. What is the term for these types of differences between the sexes?

Accepted Answer

A)  male traits
B)  sexual traits
C)  sexual dimorphism
D)  male dominance
E)  hormonal varianceF) All of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 6

Microevolution within a population is least likely to be influenced by ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  mutation
B)  sexual reproduction
C)  crossing over
D)  independent assortment
E)  the law of dominanceF) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 7

Some closely related species do not interbreed simply because the timing of their reproduction differs. What type of reproductive isolation is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  mechanical
B)  ecological
C)  temporal
D)  behavioral
E)  gamete incompatibilityF) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 8

Match the event with the most appropriate term.
-Which process can rapidly offset the effects of genetic isolation when two populations come into secondary contact?

Accepted Answer

A)  directional selection
B)  sexual dimorphism
C)  sympatric speciation
D)  balanced polymorphism
E)  coevolutionF) allopatric speciationG) key innovationH) adaptive radiationI) A) and G)
J) A) and D)

Question 9

Antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria are a modern health concern. Namely, the overuse of antibiotics has promoted the survival of bacteria with alleles that allow resistance. This is an example of ____ selection.

Accepted Answer

A)  directional
B)  stabilizing
C)  disruptive
D)  recessive
E)  fitnessF) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

Question 10

Match the event with the most appropriate term.
-different species of shrimp evolving on either side of the Isthmus of Panama

Accepted Answer

A)  directional selection
B)  sexual dimorphism
C)  sympatric speciation
D)  balanced polymorphism
E)  coevolutionF) allopatric speciationG) key innovationH) adaptive radiationI) E) and F)
J) None of the above

Question 11

In a certain bird species, clutch size (the number of eggs laid by a female in one breeding season)  ranges from four to eight, and the most frequent clutch size is six. This phenomenon is an example of ____ selection.

Accepted Answer

A)  sexual
B)  stabilizing
C)  disruptive
D)  directional
E)  artificialF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 12

Match each description with the most appropriate term.
-a diagram that shows evolutionary connections among groups

Accepted Answer

A)  character
B)  derived trait
C)  clade
D)  phylogeny
E)  sister groupsF) cladogramG) C) and D)
H) A) and F)

Question 13

Match each description with the most appropriate term.
-two lineages that emerge from a node on a cladogram

Accepted Answer

A)  character
B)  derived trait
C)  clade
D)  phylogeny
E)  sister groupsF) cladogramG) D) and F)
H) A) and B)

Question 14

The 30-cm floral tube of the flower Angraecum and the 35-cm proboscis of its hawk moth pollinator are the result of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  a preadaptation
B)  adaptive radiation
C)  coevolution
D)  convergent evolution
E)  a key innovationF) A) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 15

Match the event with the most appropriate term.
-a beetle lineage that rapidly diversified into several new species after the development of an adaptation for feeding on flowering plants

Accepted Answer

A)  directional selection
B)  sexual dimorphism
C)  sympatric speciation
D)  balanced polymorphism
E)  coevolutionF) allopatric speciationG) key innovationH) adaptive radiationI) E) and F)
J) E) and H)

Question 16

-A finch species has evolved to have two types of beaks, small or large. There are no birds with medium-sized beaks. This mode of natural selection is represented by which letter(s)  in the accompanying figure?

Accepted Answer

A)  A only
B)  B only
C)  C only
D)  A and C
E)  B and CF) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 17

Two or more alleles of a gene are circulating at relatively high frequency in a population's gene pool. What term describes this state?

Accepted Answer

A)  frequency-dependent selection
B)  polyploidy
C)  multiple allele systems
D)  balanced polymorphisms
E)  prominent allelesF) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 18

Sympatric speciation through polyploidy has been a frequent phenomenon in the evolution of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  insects
B)  mammals
C)  bacteria
D)  plants
E)  fishF) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 19

What is an evolutionary adaptation of an existing structure for a completely new purpose (e.g., feathers for insulation or for flight) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  exaptation
B)  key innovation
C)  coevolution
D)  adaptive radiation
E)  microevolutionF) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 20

-Stabilizing selection is depicted in the set of diagrams labeled ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  A
B)  B
C)  C
D)  A and B
E)  B and CF) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Exam 17: Processes of Evolution

What is an evolutionary adaptation of an existing structure for a completely new purpose (e.g., feathers for insulation or for flight) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Microevolution within a population is least likely to be influenced by ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the event with the most appropriate term. -Which process can rapidly offset the effects of genetic isolation when two populations come into secondary contact?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-Stabilizing selection is depicted in the set of diagrams labeled ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-A finch species has evolved to have two types of beaks, small or large. There are no birds with medium-sized beaks. This mode of natural selection is represented by which letter(s) in the accompanying figure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Males are often more colorful, larger, and more aggressive than females. What is the term for these types of differences between the sexes?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What accounts for the fact that polydactylism is prevalent and Tay-Sachs disease is virtually absent in one human population in the United States, while Tay-Sachs disease is prevalent and polydactylism is virtually absent in another?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some closely related species do not interbreed simply because the timing of their reproduction differs. What type of reproductive isolation is this?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The poison warfarin was once the most popular form of rat control. Eventually warfarin-resistant rat populations emerged so people stopped using warfarin for rat control. Since then, the frequency of warfarin-resistant rats has once again declined. What may be the reason for this?

Correct AnswerverifiedSince warfarin is not used as a form of ...View AnswerShow Answer

A fire devastates all trees in a wide swath of forest. Populations of a species of tree-dwelling frog on either side of the burned area diverge to become separate species. This is an example of _____.

Correct Answerverifiedallopatric...View AnswerShow Answer

Match each description with the most appropriate term. -quantifiable, heritable characteristic or trait

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two or more alleles of a gene are circulating at relatively high frequency in a population's gene pool. What term describes this state?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the event with the most appropriate term. -different species of shrimp evolving on either side of the Isthmus of Panama

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the event with the most appropriate term. -a beetle lineage that rapidly diversified into several new species after the development of an adaptation for feeding on flowering plants

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria are a modern health concern. Namely, the overuse of antibiotics has promoted the survival of bacteria with alleles that allow resistance. This is an example of ____ selection.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The 30-cm floral tube of the flower Angraecum and the 35-cm proboscis of its hawk moth pollinator are the result of ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sympatric speciation through polyploidy has been a frequent phenomenon in the evolution of ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match each description with the most appropriate term. -two lineages that emerge from a node on a cladogram

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a certain bird species, clutch size (the number of eggs laid by a female in one breeding season) ranges from four to eight, and the most frequent clutch size is six. This phenomenon is an example of ____ selection.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match each description with the most appropriate term. -a diagram that shows evolutionary connections among groups

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Since warfarin is not used as a form of ...
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allopatric...
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