Question 1

A new gene is discovered,called GRAB.It prevents a cell from entering mitosis if there are any signs of DNA damage.This means that GRAB would be a type of

Accepted Answer

A)   oncogene.
B)   tumor-suppressor gene.
C)   nonhereditary gene.
D)   somatic gene.
E)   proto-oncogene.F) B) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 2

True or False: Different versions of a gene are called alleles;a mutation in a gene can create an allele.

Accepted Answer

A)   True
B)   FalseC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 3

Which of the following would NOT lead to cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)   an active oncogene
B)   a misshapen tumor-suppressor protein
C)   a mutated proto-oncogene
D)   a tumor-suppressor allele missing 20% of its bases
E)   an active proto-oncogeneF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 4

Why aren't all mutations that occur in DNA inherited by our offspring?

Accepted Answer

A)   Only mutations in the DNA contained in the sperm and eggs will be inherited.
B)   Each cell has different DNA in it,with only the genes that cell needs.
C)   DNA that is mutated can't be inherited;the cell corrects it before passing it on.
D)   DNA that is inherited can't have more than one mutation in it.
E)   Some mutations occur in noncoding regions of genes,so they are not inherited.F) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 5

What would you say to a niece if she asked you how she could reduce her risk of breast cancer? (Assume there is no family history of breast cancer. )

Accepted Answer

A)   Reduce sun exposure.
B)   Reduce alcohol consumption.
C)   Avoid tobacco.
D)   Utilize early screening.
E)   all of theseF) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 6

Do all mutations that occur within the DNA sequence result in abnormal protein expression,and therefore affect the function of the protein?

Accepted Answer

A)   Yes,regardless of the location of the mutation,protein expression and function will be adversely affected.
B)   No,mutations occurring within the noncoding regions of the DNA sequence will not affect overall protein structure.
C)   No,DNA repair enzymes are designed specifically to "proofread" the DNA and they catch most mistakes.
D)   Yes,any mutations located within the DNA sequence will affect the structure of the protein.
E)   B and CF) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 7

What is the number-one preventable cause of cancer?

Accepted Answer

A)   smoking
B)   UV light exposure
C)   grilled meats and vegetables
D)   pollution exposure
E)   alcoholF) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

Question 8

Which sequence is a result of a single mismatch in DNA replication of the sequence ATG GGC CTG?

Accepted Answer

A)   ATG GGC CTC
B)   AAG GGC CTC
C)   TAC CCG GTC
D)   TGC CCG GAG
E)   TUC CCG GUCF) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

Question 9

How many different alleles of a gene like BRCA1 can an individual have?

Accepted Answer

A)   Several hundred,since there are hundreds of known BRCA1 alleles
B)   Four: two from their father and two from their mother
C)   Only two: one from their father and one from their mother
D)   One for males and hundreds for females
E)   One for males and two for femalesF) None of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 10

The number of errors made by DNA polymerase during DNA replication that pass through the cell's repair checkpoints is estimated at

Accepted Answer

A)   1 in 100 bases mismatched.
B)   1 in 1000 bases mismatched.
C)   1 in 1,000,000 bases mismatched.
D)   1 in 10,000,000,000 bases mismatched.
E)   1 in 10 bases mismatched.F) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 11

Which of the following are mutagens?

Accepted Answer

A)   sunlight
B)   cigarette smoke
C)   alcohol
D)   blackened meat
E)   All of the above.F) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 12

A woman with a BRCA1 mutation _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   will definitely develop breast cancer
B)   is at increased risk of developing breast cancer
C)   must have inherited it from her mother because of the link to breast cancer
D)   will also have a mutation in BRCA2
E)   none of theseF) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

Question 13

Inherited mutations

Accepted Answer

A)   predispose individuals to cancer.
B)   come from DNA sequence mistakes contained in germ cells.
C)   can come from one's mother or father.
D)   are errors in DNA that go uncorrected.
E)   All of the above.F) All of the above
G) C) and E)

Question 14

A proto-oncogene is a gene that

Accepted Answer

A)   tells the cell when to stop the cell cycle.
B)   is responsible for DNA repair.
C)   is responsible for detecting mutations.
D)   tells the cell to go through the cell cycle.
E)   causes apoptosis.F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

Question 15

True or False: Chemotherapy treatments only kill the cancer cells and don't affect normal,healthy cells.

Accepted Answer

A)   True
B)   FalseC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 16

Which sequence is the complementary DNA sequence of ATG GGC CTG?

Accepted Answer

A)   ATG GGC CTG
B)   TAC CCG GAG
C)   TUC CCG GUC
D)   TAC CCG GAC
E)   TAC CCC GACF) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 17

All of the following are TRUE of breast cancer,EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)   it is the second-most common form of cancer in women.
B)   mutations in the BRCA genes affect only the breasts and ovaries.
C)   BRCA mutations cause only about 50% of all hereditary breast cancers.
D)   it affects about 200,000 women in the United States per year.
E)   a woman may pass the predisposition for breast cancer to her children.F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

Question 18

The medical condition of cells growing out of control is called

Accepted Answer

A)   cytokinesis.
B)   cancer.
C)   metastasis.
D)   apoptosis.
E)   tumorization.F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

Question 19

At the G1 checkpoint,cells pause to

Accepted Answer

A)   wait until there is a need for them to divide.
B)   make sure that all chromosomes have been copied and are undamaged.
C)   make sure that the nuclear envelope is intact.
D)   make sure that all chromosomes are lined up properly.
E)   make sure that the homologous chromosomes are wrapped around each other.F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Question 20

How can a person acquire mutations in their DNA?

Accepted Answer

A)   inheritance
B)   carcinogens
C)   replication errors
D)   mutagens
E)   All of the above.F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

Exam 10: Mutations and Cancer

What is the number-one preventable cause of cancer?

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The medical condition of cells growing out of control is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

True or False: Different versions of a gene are called alleles;a mutation in a gene can create an allele.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What would you say to a niece if she asked you how she could reduce her risk of breast cancer? (Assume there is no family history of breast cancer. )

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which sequence is the complementary DNA sequence of ATG GGC CTG?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which sequence is a result of a single mismatch in DNA replication of the sequence ATG GGC CTG?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A woman with a BRCA1 mutation _____.

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Which of the following would NOT lead to cancer?

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Do all mutations that occur within the DNA sequence result in abnormal protein expression,and therefore affect the function of the protein?

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At the G1 checkpoint,cells pause to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How can a person acquire mutations in their DNA?

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All of the following are TRUE of breast cancer,EXCEPT

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True or False: Chemotherapy treatments only kill the cancer cells and don't affect normal,healthy cells.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Inherited mutations

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A proto-oncogene is a gene that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A new gene is discovered,called GRAB.It prevents a cell from entering mitosis if there are any signs of DNA damage.This means that GRAB would be a type of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The number of errors made by DNA polymerase during DNA replication that pass through the cell's repair checkpoints is estimated at

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why aren't all mutations that occur in DNA inherited by our offspring?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following are mutagens?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How many different alleles of a gene like BRCA1 can an individual have?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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At the G₁ checkpoint,cells pause to

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