Question 1

In experiments,people have been found to conform more when they must _____ than when they must _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  respond publicly;write down their responses in private
B)  commit themselves in writing;announce their responses in public
C)  think before acting;react spontaneously
D)  explain their responses;keep silentE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 2

Ryan,a 24-year-old man,tries to end his life after his favorite celebrity committed suicide.In an investigation,police found that about 20 people,like Ryan,have tried to commit suicide within a week of the celebrity's death.This scenario most likely exemplifies a phenomenon called _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  group pressure
B)  mass hysteria
C)  psychological reactance
D)  norm formationE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 3

According to Burger and his colleagues,which of the following features of Milgram's study design mirrors well-documented psychological effects?

Accepted Answer

A)  the framing of shock-giving as the social norm for a situation
B)  the "slippery slope" of large requests that plunge into small ones
C)  the opportunity to accept responsibility
D)  the unlimited time available to reflect on a decisionE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 4

In the context of group size and conformity,Asch and other researchers found that there is more conformity with:

Accepted Answer

A)  one to two people than three to five.
B)  three to five people than one to two.
C)  more than five people than three to five.
D)  15 or more people (which really increases the conformity) .E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

According to conformity research,a group's social power is deflated when:

Accepted Answer

A)  someone disagrees with the majority.
B)  there is absence of any minor in-groups.
C)  no one differs from the majority.
D)  there is homogeneity in the group.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

In a variation of the Milgram study,teachers were required to force the learner's hand into contact with a shock plate.Under these conditions:

Accepted Answer

A)  there was no change in resulting shocks.
B)  there was a decrease in compliance to shock.
C)  there was an increase in compliance to shock.
D)  there were less complaints from the victims.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 7

According to various studies on the effect of personality on conformity,who among the following is more likely to conform than the others?

Accepted Answer

A)  individuals with a strong belief in their own free will
B)  individuals who are high in openness to experience
C)  individuals who follow the rules
D)  individuals who leap into experiences seeking stimulationE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Which of the following factors increases the likelihood of obedience in Milgram's studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  the social status of a participant
B)  the age and gender of an experimenter
C)  the closeness of an authority
D)  the legitimacy of a participantE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

Sherif's study of individuals watching a pinpoint of light indicated that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Americans conform less than do persons born in other countries.
B)  social influence is strongest among friends rather than strangers.
C)  group behavior can be predicted from individual behavior.
D)  people conform when they face ambiguous situations.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a reason we yawn?

Accepted Answer

A)  calmness
B)  tension release
C)  sleepiness
D)  seeing others yawnE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 11

Identify the situation in which conformity is the highest.

Accepted Answer

A)  when a response is public and made without prior commitment
B)  when a group has fewer than three people
C)  when people are required to give their opinions privately
D)  when a group lacks cohesivenessE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 12

In one variation of his original experiment,Milgram arranged for a second confederate (posing as a fellow participant) to assume command in the experimenter's absence.As a result of this manipulation:

Accepted Answer

A)  most teachers agreed to comply with the orders of their fellow group member.
B)  the teachers competed with him and with each other for the role of leader.
C)  participants became more positive about their roles in this cohesive group and some even became enthusiastic.
D)  80% of the teachers refused to comply fully.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 13

In a variation of the Milgram study,the learner was in the same room as the teacher.Under these conditions:

Accepted Answer

A)  there was no change in resulting shocks.
B)  there was a decrease in compliance to shock.
C)  there was an increase in compliance to shock.
D)  there were less complaints from the victims.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

Normative influence leads to compliance,especially for those:

Accepted Answer

A)  who find themselves in ambiguous situations.
B)  who are comfortable in their roles.
C)  who are seeking to climb a status ladder.
D)  who are in positions of authority.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 15

When appeals for the unborn,for the hungry,or for animal rights are personalized with a compelling photograph or description,which of the following factors of obedience is most likely influencing a viewer's compassion toward the victim?

Accepted Answer

A)  victim's distance
B)  victim's authority
C)  victim's gender
D)  victim's ethnicityE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 16

A psychiatrist who interviewed 40 of Milgram's participants a year after their participation concluded that:

Accepted Answer

A)  none had been harmed.
B)  many were suspicious of all authorities.
C)  a minority of them had lowered self-esteem.
D)  most regretted having served in Milgram's study.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 17

In a study by Hofling and his colleagues (1966) ,22 hospital nurses were telephoned by an unknown physician and ordered to administer an obvious drug overdose.Results showed that:

Accepted Answer

A)  most would not act on the order unless the caller named a familiar physician as a reference.
B)  most nurses refused to comply unless given the order in writing.
C)  less experienced nurses complied but more experienced ones challenged the order.
D)  all but one proceeded to comply without delay.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 18

Conformity based on a person's desire to fulfill others' expectations,often to gain their acceptance,is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  social ostracism.
B)  false consensus.
C)  normative influence.
D)  informational influence.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 19

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies Asch's studies on group pressure?

Accepted Answer

A)  Avery,a young adult,ends up eating more when she dines with her friends than when she is alone.
B)  Hunter,a soldier,shoots 10 terrorists on the command of his captain.
C)  Brian,a sophomore,chats with his mother when his roommates chat with theirs.
D)  Mary,a teenager,follows the high school dress code because she thinks it is better than getting punished.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

Thomas and Maya have been married for eight years.Lately,Thomas has developed a drinking habit,and Maya tries to dissuade him from this habit.However,he drinks more than usual when Maya rebukes him.Thomas most likely exemplifies _____ in this scenario.

Accepted Answer

A)  impact bias
B)  psychological reactance
C)  the chameleon effect
D)  the autokinetic effectE) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Exam 6: Conformity and Obedience

In the context of group size and conformity,Asch and other researchers found that there is more conformity with:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies Asch's studies on group pressure?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When appeals for the unborn,for the hungry,or for animal rights are personalized with a compelling photograph or description,which of the following factors of obedience is most likely influencing a viewer's compassion toward the victim?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT a reason we yawn?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a study by Hofling and his colleagues (1966) ,22 hospital nurses were telephoned by an unknown physician and ordered to administer an obvious drug overdose.Results showed that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sherif's study of individuals watching a pinpoint of light indicated that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify the situation in which conformity is the highest.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ryan,a 24-year-old man,tries to end his life after his favorite celebrity committed suicide.In an investigation,police found that about 20 people,like Ryan,have tried to commit suicide within a week of the celebrity's death.This scenario most likely exemplifies a phenomenon called _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following factors increases the likelihood of obedience in Milgram's studies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Thomas and Maya have been married for eight years.Lately,Thomas has developed a drinking habit,and Maya tries to dissuade him from this habit.However,he drinks more than usual when Maya rebukes him.Thomas most likely exemplifies _____ in this scenario.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A psychiatrist who interviewed 40 of Milgram's participants a year after their participation concluded that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Conformity based on a person's desire to fulfill others' expectations,often to gain their acceptance,is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Burger and his colleagues,which of the following features of Milgram's study design mirrors well-documented psychological effects?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a variation of the Milgram study,teachers were required to force the learner's hand into contact with a shock plate.Under these conditions:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In experiments,people have been found to conform more when they must _____ than when they must _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Normative influence leads to compliance,especially for those:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to various studies on the effect of personality on conformity,who among the following is more likely to conform than the others?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a variation of the Milgram study,the learner was in the same room as the teacher.Under these conditions:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to conformity research,a group's social power is deflated when:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In one variation of his original experiment,Milgram arranged for a second confederate (posing as a fellow participant) to assume command in the experimenter's absence.As a result of this manipulation:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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In experiments,people have been found to conform more when they must _ than when they must _.

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